Table 1.
Summary of literature on the HIP of Cu/SS bimetallic joint.
| Substrate | Thickness (mm) |
Joint Design | Parameters | Testing Method | Maximum Obtained Properties of the Joint | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joint 1 CuAl15/316 SS Joint 2 CuNiBe/316 SS Joint 3 CuAl25/316 SS |
6/6, 15/10, 15/10 |
Not reported | Joint 1 & 3 Temperature; 982 °C Pressure: 102 MPa Holding time: 2 h Joint 2 Temperature; 927 °C Pressure: 102 MPa Holding time: 2 h Aged at 500 °C for six h |
Tensile test Shear strength test Microstructure SEM EDX AES TEM |
UTS (MPa): 290 for joint 1 Shear strength (MPa): 120–125 for joint 2 |
[89] |
| DSCu (GlidCop® AL-15 and AL-25)/SS | 1.5 | Tube-plate joint | Temperature; 980 °C, 1030 °C, 1050 °C Pressure: 150 MPa Holding time: 2 h |
Tensile test, SEM Microstructure Charpy impact test Fatigue strength test Fracture toughness test Crack propagation test EPMA analysis Microhardness, Heat flux test |
Optimum process temperature: 1050 °C |
[153] |
| Joint 1 GlidCop A125/316 LN SS Joint 2 Cu-Cr-Zr/316 LN SS Joint 3 GlidCop A125/316 SS |
Joint 1 25/40 |
Not reported | Joint 1 Temperature (°C); 920, 1000 Pressure (MPa): 100, 140 Holding time (min) 70, 180 Joint 2 Temperature: 1000 °C Pressure: 140 MPa Holding time: 70 min Joint 3 Temperature (°C); 1050 Pressure (MPa): 150 Holding time (h): 2 |
Tensile test Microstructure |
UTS: 415 MPa Optimum condition Joint 3 |
[80] |
| Joint 1 DSCu/316LN SS Joint 2 DSCu/316L SS Joint 3 CuCrZr/316LN SS |
Not reported | Not reported | Joint 1 Temperature (°C); 920–1040 Pressure (MPa): 120–140 Holding time (h): 2–4 Joint 2 Temperature (°C); 1050 Pressure (MPa): 150 Holding time (h): 2 Joint 3 Temperature (°C): 920, 1000 Pressure (MPa): 120, 130 Holding time (h): 3, 1 Interlayer: Fe−42%Ni, Ni |
Tensile test Microstructure SEM EPMA Impact toughness Fatigue test Fracture toughness |
UTS (MPa): 400 % EL: 16 Fracture toughness (J/m2): 12.2 |
[76] |
| DSCu/316 SS | Not reported | Not reported | Temperature (°C); 800–1000 Pressure (MPa): 100, 120 Holding time (h): 2–4 |
Tensile test Microstructure Fatigue test EDX |
UTS (MPa): 408 JE (%): >100 % EL: 16 Optimum condition Temperature (°C); 980 Pressure (MPa): 100 Holding time (h): 2 |
[82] |
| Joint 1 CuNiBe/316L Joint 2 CuAl25/316L |
Not reported | Not reported | Fixed parameter Pressure (MPa): 101 Holding time (h): 2 Joint 1 Temperature (K); 1245 Joint 2 Temperature (K); 1255 |
SEM EDX Microhardness |
The significant change in hardness reported | [83] |
| CuCrZr/316 L SS | 7.2/12 | Over lap | Temperature (°C); 900 Pressure (MPa): 130 Holding time (h): 2 |
Tensile test, SEM Charpy impact test Microstructure, EDX |
UTS (MPa): 321 Impact toughness (J/cm2): 104 |
[74] |