Table 2.
Chemical Class | Chemical Sub-Class | Phenolic Compounds | Quantity | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Phenolic acids | Hydroxybenzoic acids |
Gallic acid | 90.9–136.8, 15.5 8 μg/g | [11,16,20,22,24,26,27] |
Protocatechuic acid or Dihydroxybenzoic acid | 1.45, 3.68, 20.2–37.7 μg/g | [11,16,18,19,20,26] | ||
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 1.90, 3.25, 73.46, 15.7–44.9, 22.8, 3.62–5.80 μg/g DW (red lentils), 2.93–5.74 μg/g DW (green lentils). | [11,15,16,18,19,23,26] | ||
2,3,4 Trihydroxy benzoic | 16.9–29.2 μg/g | [16] | ||
Syringic acid | [19,27] | |||
Vanillic acid | 0.59–3.22 μg/g | [16,26] | ||
Hydroxycinnamic acids | trans-p-Coumaric acid | 5.74, 38.84, 37.3, 2.14, 4.24–11.19 μg/g DW (red lentils), 4.70–12.94 μg/g DW (green lentils) | [11,15,16,17,18,19,20,22,23,24,26] | |
cis-p-Coumaric acid | 0.73 μg/g | [11,16,18] | ||
m-Coumaric acid | [16] | |||
trans-Ferulic acid | 0.74, 15.99, 10.1 μg/g | [11,15,16,17,20,23,24,27] | ||
trans-p-Coumaroyl-malic acid | 10.02 μg/g | [11,18,19] | ||
trans-p-Coumaroyl-glycolic acid | 2.88 μg/g | [11,18] | ||
Sinapic acid | 0.06, 1099–2217 μg/g | [15,16,20,23,24] | ||
Chlorogenic acid | 159–213 μg/g | [16,24] | ||
Caffeic acid | - | [16,20,27] | ||
Cinnamic acid | - | [22] | ||
- | ||||
Flavonoids | Flavones and flavonols |
Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside | - | [11] |
Apigenin hydrate | - | [25] | ||
Apigenin 7-O apiofuranosyl glucoside | 6.20 μg/g | [11] | ||
Apigenin 7-O glucoside | 1.87 μg/g | [11] | ||
Apigenin hexose | - | [15] | ||
Quercetin | 3300 μg/g | [17,22,25] | ||
Quercetin diglycoside or Quercetin diglucoside | 114 μg/g | [15,25] | ||
Quercetin hexose | - | [15] | ||
acylated quercetin hexose | 37.2 μg/g | [17] | ||
Quercetin-O-pentoside | - | [25] | ||
Dihydroquercetin | - | [17] | ||
Quercetin-3-O-glucoside | - | [17,19,25,28] | ||
Quercetin-3-O-galactoside, | - | [17,28] | ||
Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside | 5.24 μg/g | [17] | ||
Carboxylated quercetin | - | [21] | ||
Kaempferol | - | [25] | ||
Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside | 5.95 μg/g | [17,18] | ||
Kaempferol -dirutinoside | - | [18,20] | ||
Kaempferol derivative | - | [15] | ||
Kaempferol 3-glucoside, | 19.4 μg/g | [18,19,25,28] | ||
Dihydrokaempferol hydrate | - | [25] | ||
Dihydrokaempferol glycoside | - | [18] | ||
Dihydrokaempferol dimer | - | [25] | ||
Kaempferol acetylglycoside | - | [18] | ||
Kaempferol–rhamnoside hexose-hexose | - | [18] | ||
Kaempferol 3-robinoside-7-rhamnoside | - | [18] | ||
- | ||||
Kaempferol triglycoside | - | [19] | ||
Kaempferol tetraglycoside or Kaempferol tetraglucoside | - | [19,25] | ||
Kaempferol-deoxyhexoside-hexoside isomer I | 23.0 to 157.8 g/100 g FW | [29] | ||
Kaempferol-deoxyhexoside-hexoside isomer II | 0.0–157.8 g/100 g FW | [29] | ||
Kaempferol-O-hexoside-O-deoxyhexoside-hexoside | 0.0–157.8 g/100 g FW | [29] | ||
Apigenin methyl ether | - | [18] | ||
Myricetin | - | [25] | ||
Myricetin 3-rhamnoside | 5.95 μg/g | [11,18,28] | ||
Luteolin | 18–77 μg/g | [11,24,25,28] | ||
Luteolin 3′-7-diglucoside | 4.55 μg/g | [18,20] | ||
Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | - | [11,25,28] | ||
Luteolin-4′-O-glucoside | - | [25,28] | ||
Isoflavones | Formononetin rhamnoside | - | [25] | |
Flavanones | Eriodictyol 7-rutinoside | - | [18] | |
Eriodictyol 5,7-dimethoxyflavone | - | [18] | ||
Naringenin | - | [28] | ||
Naringenin glucoside | - | [25] | ||
Dihydrochalcones | Phloridzin | - | [15] | |
Flavan-3-ols and procyanidins | Catechin | 36.02, 2410, 267–1899 μg/g, 320–2160 μg/g DW | [15,16,17,18,20,21,22,24,25,26,28] | |
Catechin-3-glucoside | 31.50, 51.95, 289, 39.89, 6590, 2230, 2790 μg/g | [15,18,19,20,25] | ||
Gallocatechin | - | [26,28] | ||
Catechin gallate | - | [19,26] | ||
Epicatechin | 98.21, 2535–4946 μg/g | [15,16,17,18,20,21,25] | ||
Epicatechin glucoside | 59.5 μg/g | [15] | ||
Epicatechin gallate | - | [19] | ||
Procyanidin | - | [18,25] | ||
Procyanidin dimer | 65.98, 100, 3240 μg/g | [15,18,19,21,25] | ||
Digallate procyanidin dimer | 83.29 μg/g | [15] | ||
Procyanidin dimer A | - | [20] | ||
Procyanidin dimer B or procyanidin B2 | - | [20,26] | ||
Procyanidin dimer I | 438.3 μg/g | [26] | ||
Procyanidin trimer | 87.5, 9.30, 2590 μg/g | [15,18,25] | ||
Procyanidin trimer A | - | [20] | ||
Procyanidin trimer C1 | - | [20] | ||
Procyanidin gallate | 32.78 μg/g | [15,25] | ||
Prodelphinidins | Prodelphinidin | - | ||
Prodelphinidin dimer | 161.6, 3340, 5800 μg/g | [15,20,25] | ||
Prodelphinidin trimer (2GC-C) | 31.05 μg/g | [11,15] | ||
Anthocyanins | Delphinidin- 3-glucoside | - | [16] | |
Malvidin-3-O-galactoside | - | [28] | ||
Stilbenes | - | trans-Resveratrol-3-O-glucoside | - | [11] |
trans-Resveratrol. | - | [11] | ||
Coumarins | - | 4-Hydroxy-6-methylcoumarin | - | [28] |