Figure 1.

Virus-induced inflammasome pathway which ultimately results in pyroptosis. Numerous viruses can activate various inflammasome sensors such as NLRP3, AIM2. RIG-I, NLRP9b, IFI16, NLRP1, NLRC4, NLRP12, and/or others, directly or indirectly. The activated sensor then oligomerizes with ASC (if it does not contain its own CARD). Caspase-1 is then recruited to the inflammasome to act as the effector enzyme. Caspase-1 cleaves GSDM-D and the N-terminus migrates to the cellular membrane to form pores. At the same time, pro-IL-18 and pro-IL-1$\beta$ are also cleaved by caspase-1 into their mature forms, and subsequently released through the pores formed by GSDM-D. This figure was created with BioRender.com and adapted from Jorgensen et al. [28].