TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics between patients in the training and validation cohorts.
| Variables | Total (n = 692) | Training group (n = 484) | Validation group (n = 208) | P-value |
| Age(yrs) | 67.13 ± 15.55 | 67.54 ± 15.96 | 66.17 ± 14.55 | 0.290 |
| Sex (n,%) | 0.897 | |||
| Male | 400(57.8%) | 279(57.6%) | 121(58.2%) | |
| Female | 292(42.2%) | 205(42.4%) | 87(41.8%) | |
| Hypertension(n,%) | 0.353 | |||
| YES | 447(64.6%) | 318(65.7%) | 129(62.0%) | |
| NO | 245(35.4%) | 166(34.3%) | 79(38.0%) | |
| Diabetes (n,%) | 0.818 | |||
| YES | 408(59.0%) | 284(58.7%) | 124(55.8%) | |
| NO | 284(41.0%) | 200(41.3%) | 84(41.3%) | |
| Smoking (n,%) | 0.703 | |||
| YES | 345(49.9%) | 239(49.4%) | 106(51.0%) | |
| NO | 347(50.1%) | 245(50.6%) | 102(49.0%) | |
| HF (n,%) | 0.878 | |||
| First | 313(45.2%) | 218(45.0%) | 95(43.7%) | |
| Former | 379(54.8%) | 266(55.0%) | 113(56.3%) | |
| CKD (n,%) | 0.140 | |||
| YES | 428(61.8%) | 308(63.6%) | 120(57.7%) | |
| NO | 264(38.2%) | 176(36.4%) | 88(42.3%) | |
| AF (n,%) | 0.341 | |||
| YES | 506(73.1%) | 359(74.2%) | 147(70.7%) | |
| NO | 186(26.9%) | 125(25.8%) | 61(29.3%) | |
| NYHA (n,%) | 0.476 | |||
| ≥3 Level | 345(49.9%) | 237(49.0%) | 108(51.9%) | |
| <3 Level | 347(50.1%) | 247(51.0%) | 100(48.1%) | |
| MACE (n,%) | 0.979 | |||
| YES | 259(37.4%) | 181(37.4%) | 78(37.5%) | |
| NO | 433(62.6%) | 301(62.6%) | 130(62.5%) | |
| Medication care | ||||
| Diuretic (n,%) | 0.659 | |||
| YES | 520(75.1%) | 365(75.6%) | 154(74.0%) | |
| NO | 172(24.9%) | 118(24.4%) | 54(26.0%) | |
| Beta-blocker (n,%) | 0.899 | |||
| YES | 194(28.0%) | 135(27.9%) | 59(28.4%) | |
| NO | 498(72.0%) | 349(72.1%) | 149(71.6%) | |
| Statin (n,%) | 0.343 | |||
| YES | 212(30.6%) | 143(29.5%) | 69(33.2%) | |
| NO | 480(69.4%) | 341(70.5%) | 139(66.8%) | |
| MRA (n,%) | 0.650 | |||
| YES | 181(26.2%) | 129(26.7%) | 52(25.0%) | |
| NO | 511(73.8%) | 355(73.3%) | 156(75.0%) | |
| ARNI (n,%) | 0.133 | |||
| YES | 215(31.1%) | 142(29.3%) | 73(35.1%) | |
| NO | 477(68.9%) | 342(70.7%) | 135(64.9%) | |
| CCB (n,%) | 0.162 | |||
| YES | 233(33.7%) | 155(32.0%) | 78(37.5%) | |
| NO | 459(66.3%) | 329(68.0%) | 130(62.5%) | |
| ACEI (n,%) | 0.706 | |||
| YES | 206(29.8%) | 142(29.3%) | 64(30.8%) | |
| NO | 486(70.2%) | 342(70.7%) | 144(69.2%) | |
| ARB (n,%) | 0.771 | |||
| YES | 168(24.3%) | 116(24.0%) | 52(25.0%) | |
| NO | 524(75.7%) | 368(76.0%) | 156(75.0%) | |
| Clinical findings | ||||
| SBP (mm Hg) | 143.41 ± 17.97 | 143.93 ± 17.85 | 142.20 ± 18.21 | 0.244 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 82.98 ± 12.61 | 83.13 ± 12.81 | 82.62 ± 12.81 | 0.623 |
| Lp-PLA2 (ng/L) | 183.01 ± 33.67 | 184.19 ± 35.31 | 180.27 ± 29.37 | 0.132 |
| Hcy (umol/L) | 14.93 ± 6.11 | 14.66 ± 5.57 | 15.57 ± 7.20 | 0.106 |
| CK-MB (ug/L) | 45.74 ± 69.70 | 45.81 ± 73.94 | 45.56 ± 59.88 | 0.996 |
| TnT (ug/L) | 0.32 ± 1.00 | 0.32 ± 1.00 | 0.33 ± 1.01 | 0.776 |
| NT-proBNP (ng/L) | 1083.99 ± 1352.04 | 1096.50 ± 1364.31 | 1054.86 ± 1325.83 | 0.711 |
| D-Dimer (ug/ml) | 1.80 ± 2.44 | 1.66 ± 1.80 | 2.13 ± 3.49 | 0.063 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 195.23 ± 42.52 | 194.46 ± 42.14 | 197.17 ± 44.46 | 0.430 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 112.11 ± 32.86 | 111.34 ± 32.09 | 113.66 ± 34.79 | 0.339 |
| HDL-C(mg/dl) | 54.51 ± 14.69 | 54.51 ± 14.30 | 55.28 ± 15.46 | 0.696 |
| Triglycerides(mg/dl) | 138.21 ± 98.34 | 139.10 ± 102.78 | 139.10 ± 90.37 | 0.985 |
| FDP(ug/L) | 13.23 ± 13.48 | 12.94 ± 13.41 | 13.94 ± 13.66 | 0.370 |
| Scr(umol/L) | 220.29 ± 268.13 | 211.21 ± 253.42 | 241.40 ± 299.18 | 0.204 |
| Uric Acid(umol/L) | 467.01 ± 191.74 | 471.31 ± 194.77 | 457.01 ± 184.58 | 0.369 |
| FPG(mmol/L) | 8.56 ± 5.82 | 8.51 ± 6.09 | 8.67 ± 5.17 | 0.727 |
| CRP(mg/L) | 43.36 ± 53.10 | 43.85 ± 53.44 | 42.20 ± 52.65 | 0.709 |
| WBC(103/μl) | 9.27 ± 4.87 | 9.09 ± 4.47 | 9.71 ± 5.68 | 0.161 |
| NEUT(103/μl) | 3.68 ± 2.14 | 3.67 ± 2.04 | 3.72 ± 2.37 | 0.795 |
| LYM(103/μl) | 1.29 ± 1.31 | 1.26 ± 0.93 | 1.38 ± 1.93 | 0.307 |
| NLR(%) | 4.29 ± 3.96 | 4.36 ± 4.01 | 4.13 ± 4.87 | 0.479 |
| HGB(g/L) | 106.77 ± 31.12 | 106.41 ± 31.49 | 107.61 ± 30.28 | 0.642 |
| PLT(103/μl) | 204.74 ± 97.41 | 206.39 ± 89.96 | 200.90 ± 113.03 | 0.497 |
HF, heart failure history; CKD, chronic kidney disease history; AF, atrial fibrillation history; NYHA, New York heart association; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; ARNI, angiotensin receptor enkephalinase inhibitors; CCB, calcium channel blocker; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Lp-PLA2, lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2; Hcy, homocysteine; CK-MB, creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB; TnT, troponin T; NT-proBNP, N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FDP, fibrinogen degradation product; Scr, serum creatinine; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; CRP, C-reactive protein; WBC, white blood count; NEUT, neutrophil count; LYM, lymphocyte count; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; HGB, hemoglobin; PLT, platelet count.