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. 2022 Oct 13;10:990400. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.990400

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Copyright © 2022 Wu and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Daily trends in number of COVID-19 new cases in the US reported to CDC. Date is the time of the COVID-19 pandemic period (averaged at 171 days): from case 1 in the USA to 23 August 2020. Daily cases collected from 50 states and Washington DC. (A) Daily new cases raw data and 7-day averaged data. All holidays or events are indicated in the figure. The overlapping between states mandating stay-at-home and mandating face masks is emphasized with a yellow rectangular box. (B) The daily new case curves of the 7-day averaged are shown for mandating the stay-at-home (SAH) + mandating face mask (MFM) states (n = 34), the SAH + no-MFM states (n = 9), and the no-SAH + no-MFM states (n = 7) during the pandemic period. The curves are bending downward in the group of the MFM + SAH states and are flattened in the group of the MFM + no-MFM states during SAH periods (averaged at 45 days). The upper inset indicated normalized daily case data to the case of day 1 of SAH, which showed a significant increasing trend of new daily cases in the no-SAH + no-MFM states during the SAH period. (C) The average daily new case curves are seen for the three groups of the states. Each data represents the mean ± SE. (D) The daily new death curves of the 7-day averaged are seen for the three groups of the states. The upper inset indicated normalized daily new death data to the death number on day 1 of SAH which shows curve-bending downward in the SAH + MFM states during the SAH period.