Table 1.
Characteristics of the main studies assessing the tuberculosis preventive therapy effectiveness in drug-resistant tuberculosis contacts.
| Study | Country | Study Design | DR-TB Contacts Included | Adults/ Children |
Evidence of a TB Infection (LTBI) | Compared TPT (Months/Drug) | Primary Endpoint | Grade 3 or 4 Adverse Events | Completion Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gureva et al., 2022 [24] |
Russia | Prospective cohort study | 72 | Children ≤ 18 years-old | LTBI was diagnosed in 51 children, some children were treated without any evidence of a LTBI. | 9 Mfx OR 9 Ofx OR No treatment |
Incidence of TB disease: 0/58 (0%) with TPT 1/14 (7%) without TPT |
None | 90% |
| Malik et al., 2020–2021 [23,25,26] |
Pakistan | Prospective cohort study | 800 | Adults & children | LTBI was diagnosed in six subjects, some subjects were treated without any evidence of a LTBI. | 6 Lfx + E OR 6 LFx + Eth OR 6 Mfx + E OR 6 MFx+ Eth |
Overall effectiveness on TB incidence compared to the historical control cohorts: 65% (95% CI 13–86) | None | 70% |
| Huang et al., 2020 [27] |
Peru | Prospective cohort study | 652 | Children ≤ 19 years-old | LTBI status was assessed in all subjects, the proportion of subjects included with a proven LTBI is not reported. | 6–9 H No specific DR-TB contact control group |
Incidence of TB disease 26/652 (4%) with TPT |
NR | NR |
| Adler-Shohet et al., 2014 [28] |
United States of America | Retrospec-tive cohort study | 31 | Children | All of the children included in the study had a proven LTBI. | Lfx + Z | Incidence of TB disease: 0/26 (0%) with TPT 0/5 (0%) without TPT |
NR | 58% |
| Bamrah et al., 2014 [29] |
Federated States of Micronesia | Prospective cohort study | 119 | Adults & children | All of the subjects included in the study had a proven LTBI. | 12 Lfx 12 Lfx + E 12 LFx + Eth 12 Mfx 12 MFx + E No treatment |
Incidence of TB disease: 0/104 (0%) with TPT 3/15 (20%) without TPT |
None | 83–100% |
| Garcia-Prats et al., 2014 [30] |
South Africa | Retrospec-tive cohort study | 24 | Children ≤ 15 years-old | LTBI was diagnosed in eight subjects, some subjects were treated without any evidence of a LTBI. | 6 H + E + Ofx | Incidence of TB disease: 0/24 (0%) with TPT |
None | 88% |
| Seddon et al., 2013 [31] |
South Africa | Prospective cohort study | 186 | Children ≤ 5 years-old HIV-positive children ≤ 15 years-old |
LTBI was diagnosed in 73 children, some children were treated without any evidence of a LTBI. | 6 HE + Ofx | Incidence of TB disease: 6/186 (3%) with TPT |
7/186 (4%) | 76% |
| Denholm et al., 2012 [32] |
Australia | Retrospec-tive cohort study | 49 | Adults & children | All of the subjects included in the analysis had a proven LTBI. | 6–9 Mfx +/− E 6 Cfx +/− Z 6 RZE 9 HZ 6–9 RZ No treatment |
Incidence of TB disease: 0/11 (0%) with TPT 2/38 (5%) without TPT |
None | 82% |
| Schaaf et al., 2002 [33] |
South Africa | Prospective cohort study | 105 | Children ≤ 5 years-old | LTBI was diagnosed in 70 children, some children were treated without any evidence of a LTBI. | 6 HZ + Eth 6 HZE 6 HE + Eth 6 E + Eth 6 HZE + Eth 6 ZE + Eth 6 HZ + Eth |
Incidence of TB disease: 2/41 (5%) with TPT 13/64 (20%) without TPT |
NR | NR |
Abbreviations. DR-TB, drug-resistant tuberculosis (i.e., rifampicin-resistant or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis); LTBI, latent tuberculosis infection; TPT, tuberculosis preventive therapy; Mfx, moxifloxacin; Ofx, ofloxacin; Lfx, levofloxacin; E, ethambutol; Eth, ethionamide; H, isoniazid; Cfx, ciprofloxacin; Z, pyrazinamide; R, rifampicin; TB, tuberculosis; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval and NR, not reported.