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. 2021 Jan 7;12(8):1676–1686. doi: 10.1177/2192568220985470

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© The Author(s) 2021

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 3. — Pre-operative and 12-month post-operative Numerical Pain Rating Scale back pain (a) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) (b) scores of 84 patients who underwent lumbar fusion surgery for back pain and degenerative disc disease.