Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Study Design | Location | Sample | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients’ Diagnoses | Size | Gender (Male%) | Age (Year) | |||
| Główczyńska et al. (2021) [25] | RCT | Poland | stable HF with LVEF < 40% | 782 | n = 698 | IG: HTCR 65 ± 8.1 UC 63.4 ± 7.9 CG: HTCR 60.6 ± 11.7 UC 61.1 ± 11.2 |
| Piotrowicz et al. (2020) [24] | RCT | Poland | stable HF NYHA class I, II, or III and left LVEF ≤ 40% | 859 | 89.0 | IG: 62.2 ±10.9 CG; 62.1 ±10.2 |
| Orzechowski et al. (2021) [28] | RCT | Poland | stable HF NYHA class I, II, or III and left LVEF of 40% | 386 | 89.6 | 62 ± 11 |
| Piotrowicz et al. (2020) [26] | RCT | Poland | stable HF NYHA class I, II, or III and left LVEF ≤ 40% | 425 | 88.7 | 62.6 ± 10.8 |
| Piotrowicz et al. (2019) [29] | RCT | Poland | stable HF NYHA class I, II, or III and left LVEF ≤ 40% | 850 | N/I | N/I |
| Bernocchi et al. (2018) [22] | RCT | Italy | COPD and HF | 112 | 82.1 |
70 ± 9 |
| Peng et al. (2018) [23] | RCT | China | a primary diagnosis of chronic HF NYHA class I to III | 98 | 59.2 | 66.3 ± 10.5 |
| Hwang et al. (2017)-a [30] | RCT | Australia | chronic heart failure with a reduced or preserved ejection fraction | 53 | 75.0 | 67 ± 12 |
| Hwang et al. (2017)-b [33] | RCT | Australia | HF unspesificy | 17 | 88.0 | 69 ± 12 |
| Piotrowicz et al. (2016) [31] | RCT | Poland | HF unspesificy | 69 | n = 61 | IG 54.3 ± 10.38 CG 60.4 ± 11.9 |
| Piotrowicz et al. (2015)-a [32] | RCT | Poland | stable HFNYHA class II/III with LVEF < 40% | 131 | 85.0 | 56.4 ± 10.9 |
| Piotrowicz et al. (2015)-b [27] | RCT | Poland | stable HFNYHA class II/III with LVEF < 40% | 108 | n = 95 | IG: 54.4 ± 10.9 CG:62.1 ± 12.5 |
CAD = coronary artery disease; CG = control group; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; F = female; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; HF = heart failure; HTCR = hybrid comprehensive telerehabilitation; IG: intervention group; NYHA = New York Heart Association; UC = usual care.