Table 6.
Presenting certainty of evidence (CoE) by “Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation” (GRADE) methodology to assess the quality of evidence with individual endpoint.
| No of Trials (No of Patients) |
Risk of Bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication Bias | Pooled RR (95% CI) |
Overall Quality of Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haematuria | |||||||
| 4 (435) | Very serious | Not downgraded I2 = 0.0% |
Not downgraded | Downgraded | Not downgraded Begg’s test p = 0.497 |
0.91 (0.62–1.35) |
⊕⊖⊖⊖ VERY LOW |
CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk; GRADE, working group grades of evidence; High certainty, we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect; Moderate certainty, we are moderately confident in the effect estimate—the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different; Low certainty, our confidence in the effect estimate is limited—the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect; Very low certainty, we have very little confidence in the effect estimate—the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect.