Table 3.
Univariate associations with MACE during the follow-up period.
| Variable | No MACE N = 111 (79.9%) |
MACE N = 28 (20.1%) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 67.4 (63.6–73.3) | 68.8 (64.4–75.8) | 0.35 |
| Male sex | 108 (97.3%) | 27 (96.4%) | 0.99 |
| African-American | 24 (21.6%) | 4 (14.3%) | 0.56 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.6 (25.0–31.2) | 27.8 (24.6–32.6) | 0.99 |
| Past medical history | |||
| Coronary artery disease | 27 (24.3%) | 17 (60.7%) | 0.0002 |
| Prior coronary revascularization | 18 (66.7%) | 15 (88.2%) | 0.11 |
| Prior MACE | 29 (26.1%) | 17 (60.7%) | 0.0005 |
| Hypertension | 98 (88.3%) | 25 (89.3%) | 0.88 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 92 (82.3%) | 22 (78.6%) | 0.60 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 35 (31.5%) | 10 (35.7%) | 0.67 |
| Current/former smoker | 100 (90.9%) | 25 (89.3%) | 0.79 |
| Aspirin use | 76 (68.5%) | 20 (71.4%) | 0.76 |
| Statin use | 82 (73.9%) | 23 (82.1%) | 0.36 |
| ABI | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 0.01 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 160 (136–185) | 156 (122–189.5) | 0.61 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 83 (64–110) | 83 (57.5–108.5) | 0.53 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 43 (36–54) | 45 (35.5–50.5) | 0.57 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 mm2 | 73 (63–90) | 72 (60–93) | 0.76 |
| hs-CRP, mg/mL | 2.4 (1.3–5.1) | 3.4 (1.7–7.1) | 0.28 |
| Rutherford classification | 0.08 | ||
| 0 | 29 (26.4%) | 4 (14.3%) | |
| 1 | 30 (27.3%) | 4 (14.3%) | |
| 2 | 25 (22.7%) | 7 (25.0%) | |
| 3 | 26 (23.6%) | 13 (45.4%) | |
| Metabolites, μmol | |||
| Indole derivatives | |||
| Serotonin | 0.96 (0.40–1.49) | 1.14 (0.64–1.51) | 0.46 |
| KYN | 2.84 (2.02–4.57) | 2.89 (1.77–3.21) | 0.02 |
| TRP | 0.06 (0.04–0.09) | 0.04 (0.029–0.057) | 0.003 |
| KYN/TRP ratio (x100) | 4790 (3798–6491) | 4955 (4189–6892) | 0.30 |
| IPA | 1.15 (0.61–2.3) | 1.11 (0.63–1.77) | 0.65 |
| I3A | 0.14 (0.11–0.20) | 0.11 (0.096–0.16) | 0.02 |
| IS | 2.70 (1.55–4.56) | 3.03 (1.81–4.40) | 0.74 |
| HAA | 0.26 (0–0.44) | 0.28 (0.11–0.63) | 0.32 |
| Phenyl derivatives | |||
| PCS | 0.29 (0.17–0.47) | 0.32 (0.21–0.70) | 0.20 |
| HA | 11.0 (7.1–19.7) | 9.1 (5.3–16.8) | 0.12 |
| Cytokines, pg/mL | |||
| IL-6 | 1.1 (0.79–1.49) | 1.5 (1–2.4) | 0.03 |
| ICAM | 230 (196.4–280) | 272.9 (221.5–308.1) | 0.07 |
| TNF-α | 1.86 (1.45–2.24) | 2.05 (1.82–2.31) | 0.04 |
| Omega-3 index | 0.07 (0.06–0.08) | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) | 0.49 |
CI, confidence interval. All other abbreviations are as described in the text. Red values indicate p < 0.05.