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. 2022 Oct 19;14(10):2236. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102236

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Several typical methods of EV loading nucleic acid. (A) Loading of small nucleic acid drugs: ASO, using fusion protein method to load miRNA, co-encapsulate siRNA, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Adapted with permission from ref. [66,109]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society and Copyright 2020, Elsevier B.V. (B) Loading of mRNA: EV-derived cells were pre-transfected to express mRNA plasmid. (C) Loading of CRISPR/Cas9: EVs loaded with sgRNA were fused with liposomes loaded with Cas9-expressing vectors to form hybrid EVs. Adapted with permission from ref. [65]. Copyright 2018, Joh Wiley and Sons. (Created with BioRender.com, accessed on 24 August 2022).