Table 1.
Maternal and neonatal characteristics and neonatal follow-up attendance.
| All infants | Number of Follow-up Visits Attended |
p -value |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1-2 | 3-4 | |||
| (n = 237) | (n = 65) | (n = 70) | (n = 102) | ||
| Male gender | 133 (56.1%) | 39 (60.0%) | 35 (50.0%) | 59 (57.8%) | 0.453 |
| Gestational age ** | 0.003 | ||||
| 26-28 weeks | 59 (24.9%) | 8 (12.3%) | 14 (20.0%) | 37 (36.3%) | |
| 29-30 weeks | 74 (31.2%) | 19 (29.2%) | 26 (37.1%) | 29 (28.4%) | |
| 31-32 weeks | 104 (43.9%) | 38 (58.5%) | 30 (42.9%) | 36 (35.3%) | |
| Multiple gestation ** | 80 (33.8%) | 11 (16.9%) | 28 (40.0%) | 41 (40.2%) | 0.003 |
| Prenatal steroid administration ** | 219 (92.4%) | 54 (83.1%) | 67 (95.7%) | 98 (96.1%) | 0.009 |
| Cesarean delivery * | 165 (69.6%) | 38 (58.5%) | 55 (78.6%) | 72 (70.6%) | 0.038 |
| Maternal pre-eclampsia or hypertension | 63 (26.6%) | 16 (24.6%) | 16 (22.9%) | 31 (30.4%) | 0.500 |
| Maternal diabetes | 18 (7.6%) | 6 (9.2%) | 3 (4.3%) | 9 (8.8%) | 0.590 |
| Maternal race * | 0.023 | ||||
| White | 141 (59.5%) | 28 (43.0%) | 43 (61.4%) | 70 (68.6%) | |
| African American | 70 (29.5%) | 29 (44.6%) | 21 (30.0%) | 20 (19.6%) | |
| Hispanic | 10 (4.2%) | 4 (6.2%) | 2 (2.9%) | 4 (3.9%) | |
| Other | 16 (6.8%) | 4 (6.2%) | 4 (5.7%) | 8 (7.9%) | |
| Maternal age *** | 0.000 | ||||
| <20 years | 10 (4.2%) | 7 (10.8%) | 2 (2.8%) | 1 (1.0%) | |
| 20-29 years | 103 (43.5%) | 36 (55.4%) | 37 (52.9%) | 30 (29.4%) | |
| 30-39 years | 119 (50.2%) | 20 (30.8%) | 31 (44.3%) | 68 (66.7%) | |
| >39 years | 5 (2.1%) | 2 (3.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (2.9%) | |
| Maternal parity | 0.073 | ||||
| Primigravida | 115 (48.5%) | 24 (36.9%) | 35 (50.0%) | 56 (54.9%) | |
| Multigravida | 121 (51.1%) | 40 (61.6%) | 35 (50.0%) | 46 (45.1%) | |
| Unknown | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (1.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Marital status *** | 0.000 | ||||
| Single | 68 (28.7%) | 25 (38.5%) | 21 (30.0%) | 22 (21.6%) | |
| Married | 101 (42.6%) | 12 (18.5%) | 34 (48.6%) | 55 (53.9%) | |
| Unknown | 68 (28.7%) | 28 (43.0%) | 15 (21.4%) | 25 (24.5%) | |
| Median income quartiles *** | 0.000 | ||||
| <$30,000 | 13 (5.5%) | 6 (9.2%) | 2 (2.9%) | 5 (4.9%) | |
| $30,000-$56,999 | 127 (53.6%) | 45 (69.2%) | 40 (57.1%) | 42 (41.2%) | |
| $57,000-$83,999 | 69 (29.1%) | 14 (21.6%) | 20 (28.6%) | 35 (34.3%) | |
| >$83,999 | 28 (11.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (11.4%) | 20 (19.6%) | |
| Insurance type *** | 0.000 | ||||
| Medicaid | 118 (49.8%) | 50 (76.9%) | 31 (44.3%) | 37 (36.3%) | |
| Private | 119 (50.2%) | 15 (23.1%) | 39 (55.7%) | 65 (63.7%) | |
| Maternal cigarette smoking *** | 0.000 | ||||
| No | 186 (78.5%) | 39 (60.0%) | 59 (84.3%) | 88 (86.3%) | |
| Yes | 26 (11.0%) | 17 (26.2%) | 5 (7.1%) | 4 (3.9%) | |
| Unknown | 25 (10.5%) | 9 (13.8%) | 6 (8.6%) | 10 (9.8%) | |
| Illegal drug use | 0.256 | ||||
| No | 184 (77.6%) | 44 (67.7%) | 58 (82.8%) | 82 (80.4%) | |
| Yes | 28 (11.8%) | 12 (18.5%) | 6 (8.6%) | 10 (9.8%) | |
| Unknown | 25 (10.6%) | 9 (13.8%) | 6 (8.6%) | 10 (9.8%) | |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia *** | 62 (26.1%) | 9 (13.9%) | 13 (18.6%) | 40 (39.2%) | 0.000 |
| Intraventricular hemorrhage | 6 (2.5%) | 1 (1.5%) | 3 (4.3%) | 2 (2.0%) | 0.579 |
| Periventricular leukomalacia | 5 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.4%) | 4 (3.9%) | 0.280 |
| Retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1.000 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 11 (4.6%) | 4 (6.2%) | 3 (4.3%) | 4 (3.9%) | 0.799 |
| Feeding type at discharge ** | 0.002 | ||||
| Formula only | 88 (37.1%) | 36 (55.4%) | 24 (34.3%) | 28 (27.4%) | |
| Breastmilk only | 2 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (1.0%) | |
| Formula and breastmilk | 147 (62.0%) | 29 (44.6%) | 45 (64.3%) | 73 (71.6%) | |
| Hospital length of stay, days, median (IQR) I | 41 (31-46) Reference |
46.5 (32-63) 1.01 (0.97-1.07) p = 0.48 |
55 (38-77) 1.24 (1.19-1.29)*** p = 0.000 |
||
I
IRR (95% CI)
*
p-value < 0.05
**
p-value < 0.01
***
p-value < 0.001