Table 2.

Occurrence of selected NSAIDs in water bodies (surface water, effluent WWTP, influent WWTP, effluent hospital).

Name of Compound	Drinking Water/Tap Water/Ground Water (ng L−1)	Surface Water (ngL−1)	Influent WWTP (ng L−1)	Effluent WWTP (ng L−1)	Country	References
Diclofenac	0.184–380 a	NS	NS	NS	Spain	[4]
	NS	NS	250	215	Spain	[32]
	NS	NS	NS	500–1020	Nigeria	[46]
	NS	NS	1240–53,000	<LOQ(1000)-15,000	South Africa	[47]
	NS NS	ND-10,000	22,300	19,000	South Africa	[48]
	NS	NS	44–230	22–33	Iran	[49]
	NS	NS	2120–62,722	1720–1997	Portugal	[50]
	NS	NS	990–2319	1616–2711	Algeria	[51]
	NS	NS	12,000	2000	Czech Republic	[52]
	NS	NS	152–185	100–131	Taiwan	[53]
	NS	NS	27–3160	23–570	Latvia	[54]
	114 b	NS	556–4001	743–5402	Poland	[42]
Naproxen	<3–17 a	NS	NS	NS	Nigeria	[4]
	NS	NS	99	108	Spain	[32]
	NS	23,800	159,000	91,100	South Africa	[48]
	NS	NS	<LOQ(770)-37,000	<LOQ(770)-4900	South Africa	[47]
	NS	NS	88–340	33–54	Iran	[49]
	NS	NS	11,044–13,093	25–41	Portugal	[50]
	NS	NS	1220–9585	ND-334	Algeria	[51]
	NS	35	32,900	4120	U.K.	[55]
	NS	43	NS	NS	China	[56]
	NS	<7	370	<13	U.K.	[57]
	NS	136	NS	1330	U.K.	[58]
	NS	80	430	110	Japan	[59]
	NS	NS	67,600	161	Australia	[60]
	NS	NS	350–4280	306–961	Latvia	[54]
Ibuprofen	0.16–988 a	NS	NS	NS	Spain	[4]
	NS	NS	516	266	Spain	[32]
	NS	NS	NS	600–6600	Nigeria	[46]
	NS	445–689	1060	1380	South Africa	[48]
	NS	NS	<LOQ(3400)-72,000	<LOQ(3400)-21,000	South Africa	[47]
	NS	NS	233–1051	31–45	Iran	[49]
	NS	NS	11,044–13,093	25–41	Portugal	[50]
	NS	NS	1607–8612	341–431	Algeria	[51]
	NS	<9	ND	572	U.K.	[55]
	NS	325	NS	NS	China	[56]
	NS	75	390	75	China	[61]
	NS	NS	1643	210	Spain	[27]
	NS	<236	NS	460	U.K.	[58]
	NS	121	179	7	Australia	[60]
	NS	NS	64,000	15,000	Czech Republic	[52]
	NS	NS	108–28,500	152–1070	Latvia	[54]
	5.7–224 b	NS	4198–10,864	24–644	Poland	[42]
Ketoprofen	NS	NS	451	318	Spain	[32]
	NS	Nd-437	3150	380	South Africa	[48]
	NS	NS	565	1035	Algeria	[51]
	NS	NS	39	200	U.K.	[55]
	NS	NS	510	177	Spain	[27]
	NS	NS	15,300	6	Australia	[60]
	NS	NS	6500	1000	Czech Republic	[52]
	NS	NS	377–9090	511–3730	Latvia	[54]
	13–167 b	NS	73–322	1225–4030	Poland	[42]

NS: not studied. ^a groundwater; ^b tap water.