Table 3.
Applications of Nanotechnology in Cancer Immunoprevention.
| Nanoparticle | Active Agent | Delivery Method | Cancer Type | Effect/Inference | Clinical Trial Status | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron oxide beads | Ovalbumin | s.c. | B16 Melanoma |
Induced CD8 dependent protective immunity in vivo | Pre-clinical (in vivo study) |
[184] |
| Polystyrene microspheres | Ovalbumin | s.c. | T cell Lymphoma |
Protected against tumor growth and treated existing tumors | Pre-clinical (in vivo study) |
[185] |
| LPH-NPs | TGF-β si-RNA | i.v. | Melanoma | Knockdown of TGF-β and inhibited tumor growth by 52%. Increased activity of cytotoxic T cell and decreased level of T regs cells |
Pre-clinical (in vivo study) |
[178] |
| Iron oxide-zinc oxide NPs | CEA | i.v. | colon adenocarcinoma |
Enhanced T cell responses, reduced tumor growth and better survival | Pre-clinical (in vivo study) |
[79] |
| γ-PGA NPs | Ovalbumin | Nasal | Induced antigen specific cellular and humoral immunity | Pre-clinical (in vivo study) |
[186] | |
| Liposomes | CpG-ODN | i.m. | B-cell lymphoma |
Induced strong cellular and humoral immunity | Pre-clinical (in vivo study) |
[179] |
| Cationic liposomes |
CpG | i.d. | Melanoma | Increased DC maturation | Pre-clinical (in vivo study) |
[180] |
| Liposomal polymeric gels | Cyclodextrins, TGF-β inhibitor and IL-2 | i.tm. | Melanoma | Delayed tumor growth and increased tumor survival | Pre-clinical (in vivo study) |
[181] |
| Cationic liposomes |
TLR agonist (CpG ODN) and Ovalbumin | s.c. or i.d. | Melanoma | Increased antigen presentation and enhanced T cell responses | Pre-clinical (in vivo study) |
[182] |
| Cationic liposomes |
α-GalCer with CpG and Ovalbumin |
s.c. | B16 Melanoma |
Increased activation of NK, DC and T cells | Pre-clinical (in vivo study) |
[183] |
| Tumor cell membrane coated PLGA NPs | Ovalbumin and PAM or CpG | Melanoma | Increased antigen presentation and immune responses | Pre-clinical (in vitro study) |
[187] | |
| Tumor cell membrane coated NPs | HLA-Ig and anti-CD28 | Melanoma | Promoted tumor specific immune response and induced antigen specific activation of T cell | Pre-clinical (in vitro study) |
[188] | |
| Latex beads | Trp2 peptide and CpG | s.c. and i.v. | Melanoma | Inhibited tumor growth and enhanced T cell responses | Pre-clinical (in vivo study) |
[189] |
| iron-dextran particles and quantum dot nanocrystals | HLA-Ig and anti-CD28 | i.p and i.v | Melanoma | Generation of antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes | Pre-clinical (in vivo study) |
[190] |
| aAPCs | Trp-2 peptide | i.v. | Melanoma and lung metastasis | Enhanced T cell responses and reduced tumor growth | Pre-clinical (in vivo study) |
[191] |
Abbreviations: LCP-NPs: lipid-calcium-phosphate (LCP) nanoparticle; LPH-NPs: liposome-protamine-hyaluronic acid nanoparticle; γ-PGA: γ-polyglutamic acid; α-GalCer: α-galactosylceramide; aAPC: artificial antigen presenting cells.