Table 6.
The pre-clinical studies of Thermo-sensitive MNPs in MHT therapy for theranostic purposes.
| Formula | Shell | Application | Status | Procedure | Results | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zn0.1Fe0.9Fe2O4-Ge-Ag | Ge/Ag | -Contrast agent in MM-USI -Heat mediator in MHT |
Pre-clinical MHT in phantom |
-Synthesizing Zn-doped MNPs by co-precipitation (Zn0.1Fe0.9Fe2O4) -Manufacturing Ge/Ag phantom -Coating MNPs by Ge/Ag -Tissue mimicking (elasticity and acoustic) generating phantom -Applying PCC to produce powerful MF |
-Cheap, non-invasive, and no ionizing effect -MM-USI provided real-time mapping of MNPs distribution, -MM-USI demonstrated successful 2D Temp monitoring prior and during MHT (for any depth within US limitation) |
[233] |
| Fe3O4 | No surfactant/capping materials | -Heat mediator in MHT -Sonosensitizer in US |
In vitro In vivo |
-Preparing Fe3O4 MNPs by co-precipitation -Dispersing into saline to produce MNFs |
-The MNFs and US-TS produced a major rise in the cytotoxicity response of EACCs in rats -Ineffective for deep-seated tumors |
[234] |
| ZnMn-IONCs–PEG-PCL-SiNc | PEG-PCL | -heat mediator in MHT by AMF | In vitro In vivo |
-Fabricating Zn-Mn-substituted IONPS via thermal decomposition. -Synthesizing IONCs by adding Zn-Mn-dopped IONPs and PEG-PCL in THF (Zn-MN-IONCs-PEG-PCL). -Loading SiNc onto IONCs |
-Doping of Zn-Mn/Fe increased adsorption rate of IONPs and improved heat efficiency. -Encapsulation by PEG-PCL caused the MNPs to cluster inside the shell and have a higher heat-efficiency. -Over 90% apoptosis of DU145 cells by MHT. -The shrinkage and inhibition of prostate tumor following four cycles of MH treatment. -No toxicity to healthy cells. -No weight loss in DU145-bearing mice. |
[236] |
Gelatin (Ge), Agar (Ag), Magnetomotive-ultrasound imaging (MM-USI), ultrasound (US), Ultrasound thermometry (UST), temperature (Temp), magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), Pancake coil (PCC), Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (EACCs), Magnetic nanofluids (MNFs), Ultrasound thermometry strain imaging (US-TS), Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL), Tetrahydrofuran (THF), Silicon naphthalocyanine (SiNc).