Table 11.
Examples of Active Targeted Drug Delivery of SIONPs for cancer treatment.
| Formula | Targeting Agent | Drug | Shell | Target | Release Mechanism | Procedure | Result | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fe3O4/Au/OPSS-PEG-SVA-/PDMAEMA/MTX | MTX | MTX | OPSS-PEG-SVA/PDMAEMA | MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 BC cells | pHR | -Preparing polymer solution via NH2-terminating DMAEMA ((+)ly charged, pHR polymer) (NH2-PDMAEMA) -Fabricating Fe3O4 via co-precipitation -Developing Au-Fe3O4 MNPs via standard citrate reduction -PEGylating MNPs using OPSS-PEG-SVA (MNPs@OPSS-PEG-SVA) -Adding PDMAEMA onto MNPs@OPSS-PEG-SVA under Ar gas (MNPs@polymer) -Loading MTX onto MNPs@polymer |
-Improved EPR effect -Prolonged blood circulation -Safe and CDR at physiological pH -Improved cytotoxic activity MCF7 and MDAMB231 cell lines -Potential candidate for passive and active TDD |
[276] |
| Fe3O4/MSN/PEI/ETB | FA | ETB | MS and PEI | HeLa cells | pHR | -Synthesizing of Fe3O4 via co-precipitation -Coating Fe3O4 NPs with silica to produce (Fe3O4@MSN) using TEOS and CTAB -Conjugating FA with PEI to produce PEI-FA using FA+DCC+NHS+PEI in coupling reaction -Preparing Fe3O4@ MSN/PEI-FA, using Fe3O4@MSN+modified PEI-FA+acetic acid -Loading ETB onto Fe3O4@ MSN/PEI-FA via dissolving ETB in DMSO |
-Fe3O4@MSN/PEI-FA-ETB demonstrated higher cytotoxicity effect on HeLa cells compared to Fe3O4@MSN-ETB/PEI (due to lacking TA) -Non-toxic effect -TDD and CDR with minimum side effects -Promising TDD tool for in vivo applications |
[277] |
| Fe3O4/CS/SH/FA/Co 6 | FA | Co 6 | CS | HeLa cells | RR | -Thiolating Fe3O4 and CS separately. (Fe3O4-SH) and (CS-SH) -Coupling CS-SH with (1) FA (FA-CS-SH) (2) RFP (RFP-CS-SH) -Followed by mixing (1) and (2) in HSO, dispersing Co 6 and ultrasonicating to generate Fe3O4/CS/SH/FA/Co 6 |
-Higher internalization into HeLa cells compared to the non-targeted MNPs | [283] |
| Fe3O4/PLH−PEG −LiA/FA-PEG/DOX | FA | DOX | Si | MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MCF-10A cells | pHR and RR | -Preparing MNPs via hydrothermal reaction -Reacting MNPs with TEOS to produce Fe3O4@SiO2 -Preparing MPS coating (using C18TMS), to produce Fe3O4@SiO2@MSiO2 -Loading Dox onto Fe3O4@SiO2@MSiO2 -Preparing polymer (PLH−PEG− NH2) using coupling reaction (EDC and NHS reagents) -Connecting LiA to PLH−PEG−NH2 using DCC coupling reagent to produce PLH−PEG−LiA polymer -Synthesizing FA−PEG−NH2 via coupling reaction |
-Elipsoidal-shaped MNPsenhanced uptake and cell morbidity compared to the non-targeted NPs against BC cell -Substantial increase in DOX release in the presence of 10 mM GSH at pH 5.5 (97.1%) as compared to pH 7.4 (31.7%) within 24 h |
[284] |
| Fe3O4/SiO2/MUC1 Apt/DOX | MUC1 Apt | DOX | SiO2 | MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 BC cells | pHR | -Preparing SIONP using thermal decomposition -Developing SIONPs@SiO2-NH2 using TEOS and APTEs in the presence of CTAB -Fabricating SIONPs@SiO2-COOH via reacting SIONPs@SiO2-NH2 with succinic anhydrate in DMF -Anchoring DOX onto SIONP-SiO2-COOH -Decorating SIONP@SiO2-COOH/DOX by MUC1 Apt -Labelling SIONP@SiO2/DOX/MUC1 Apt with fluorophore using PBS and FITC |
-Remarkably high drug release in acidic TME -Potential multi-modal candidate used for diagnosis and treatment of MUC1 overexpressed malignant cells. -Higher toxicity and internalization by MUC1 expressing MCF-7 cells |
[287] |
| Fe3O4/PEI/HPhBA/DOX | PhBA | DOX | PEI | U-87 MG | pHR | -Functionalizing Fe3O4 by NH2 groups (Fe3O4-NH2) -Preparing NH2 groups of Fe3O4-NH2 by PEI -Reacting with PhBA to fabricate HPhBA-MNPs |
-Increased therapeutic effect on U-87 MG malignant glioma cells. -Improved cellular uptake and CDR |
[288] |
| Fe3O4/GO multi/Lf DOX | LF | DOX | -GO | C6 glioma cells | pHR | -Encapsulating Fe3O4 by GO (GO/Fe3O4) -Functionalizing by LF via click chemistry for TDD -Loading DOX onto MNPs |
-Intracellular delivery efficiency -Increased cytotoxicity against C6 glioma cells |
[289] |
| Fe3O4/TMSMA/QDMAMEA/Aly-Imz/CD/MTX | MTX | MTX | β-CD | Saos-2 bone cancer cells | pHR | -Grafting β-CD onto Aly-Imz (via reflux-coprecipitation) -Preparing CMNPs via FRPR (using β-CD/Aly-Imz/QDMAME/TMSMA in DMSO under N2), followed by co-precipitation -Loading with MTX for TDD to Saos-2 cells |
-Successful pH-responsive characteristics -Increased cytotoxicity, -Enhanced cellular uptake in Saos-2 cells -No major cytotoxicity effects on HRBCs. |
[290] |
| Fe3O4/CS/PNIPAAm-Co-IA/MTX/ETB | MTX | ETB | CS-NIPAAm-IA | OVCAR-3 cells | pHR and TR | -Modifying CS with SDS and MaA, (generating polymerizable organo-soluble precursor) -Grafting NIPAAm and IA (TR and pHR monomers) onto CS via FRPR (co-polymerization) -synthesizing MNPs via co-precipitation -Developing MNPs@CSC -Activating MTX via coupling reaction (using EDC and NHS reagents) -Conjugating MTX with MNPs@CSC (producing MNPs@CSC-MTX) -Loading ETB onto MNPs@CSC-MTX (producing MNPs@CSC-MTX-ETB) |
-spherical-shaped MNPs -High loading efficiency for ETB. -Increased cytotoxicity and -Higher cellular uptake of MTX, by FR-positive cells -TDD and improved drug release -Potential theranostic nano-system for the targeted imaging/treatment of solid tumors, e.g., ovarian |
[291] |
| O-CMCS-Fe3O4-PEM | PEM | PEM | O-CMCS | A549-luc-C8 and CRL5807 cell | pHR | -Improving CS solubility by O-CM (O-CMCS) -Encapsulating O-CMCS by Fe3O4 to produce MNPs (O-CMCS MNPs) -Loading PEM onto O-CMCS MNPs |
-Highly promising therapy for NSCL carcinoma | [292] |
| Fe3O4/MUC-1/PEG//DOX | MUC-1 Apt | DOX | PEG | MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells | pHR | -PEGlayting SIONPs -Decorating by MUC1-Apt |
-Higher uptake as compared to non-specific targeted NPs, -Increased death rate in MCF-7 cells |
[293] |
Folic Acid (FA), Targeted drug delivery (TDD), Hyperthermia (HT), Polyethylene glycol (PEG), Cationic magnetic nanoparticles (CMNP), Allyl imidazole (Aly-Imz), Free radical polymerization reaction (FRPR), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Human red blood cells (HRBC), Orthopyridyl disulfide-poly(ethylene glycol)-succinimidyl valerate (OPSS-PEG-SVA), poly (butylene adipate) PBA, Dimethyl formamide (DMF), Temozolomide (TMZ), 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMSMA), Mesoporous nano-cage (MPNCs), Quaternized ammonium alkyl halide N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (QDMAMEA), Phenylboronic acid (PhBA), hyperbranched phenylboronic acid (HPhBA), Targeting Agent (TA), β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), Positively ((+)ly), Methotrexate (MTX), Oleic acid (OlA), 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[maleimide(polyethylene glycol)] (DSPE-PEG-MAL), Lactoferrin (LF), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1,2-DPPC), Perflenapent (PFP), Fingolimod (FTY720), Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), Itaconic acid (IA), Ovarian cancer cells (OCC), Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Maleic acid anhydride (MaA), Chitosan co-polymer (CSC), MUC-1 aptamer (MUC-1 Apt), Tetra-ethyl ortho-silicate (TEOS), Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) octadecyltrimethoxysilane (C18TMS), Poly-L-histidine (PLH), Lipoic acid (LiA), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), Red fluorescent probes (RFP), Hydroxy silicon oil (HSO), Coumarin 6 (Co 6), Redox Responsive (RR), Pemetrexed (PMX), O-Carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMCS), Non-small-cell-lung (NSCL).