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. 2022 Oct 19;12(20):3670. doi: 10.3390/nano12203670

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Role of synthesis protocols on advantages and disadvantages of conventional and biological TiO2 NPs: (a) micro-organisms, plant tissues, and natural derivatives utilized by the latest biological synthesis; (b) chemical salts and reducing agents utilized by conventional chemical synthesis; and (c) bulk form and reducing agents utilized by conventional physical synthesis (idea adapted from the ref) [86,87].