Table 1.
Demographic and epidemiological characteristics describing patients with acute febrile syndrome according to a positive result in any test used to detect Coxiella burnetii.
| Demographic/Epidemiological Characteristics | n/N (%) 1 | p-Value |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||
| Male | 71/176 (40.3) | 0.694 |
| Female | 36/95 (37.9) | |
| Municipality of residence | ||
| Puerto Berrio | 82/222 (36.9) | 0.437 |
| Cimitarra | 8/16 (50.0) | |
| Maceo | 8/14 (57.1) | |
| Puerto Nare | 4/7 (57.1) | |
| Others | 5/12 (41.7) | |
| Place of enrollment | ||
| Consultation | 11/21 (52.4) | 0.29 |
| Emergency | 68/186 (36.6) | |
| Hospitalization | 28/64 (43.8) | |
| Place of residence | ||
| Rural | 56/148 (37.8) | 0.543 |
| Urban | 51/123 (41.5) | |
| Workplace | ||
| No work | 8/15 (53.3) | 0.415 |
| Rural | 44/121 (36.4) | |
| Urban | 55/135 (40.7) | |
| Type of health insurance | ||
| Contributory | 24/95 (25.3) | 0.002 |
| Subsidized | 62/128 (48.4) | |
| Special or exception | 21/48 (43.8) | |
| Occupation | ||
| Veterinarian/farmer | 11/22 (50.0) | 0.082 |
| Agriculturist | 4/9 (44.4) | |
| Health personnel | 0/6 (.0) | |
| Military or police | 20/41 (48.8) | |
| Other | 72/193 (37.3) | |
| Cats in residence and at work | ||
| Yes | 65/156 (41.7) | 0.392 |
| No | 42/115 (36.5) | |
| Dogs in residence and at work | ||
| Yes | 67/162 (41.4) | 0.442 |
| No | 40/109 (36.7) | |
| Cows in residence and at work | ||
| Yes | 28/64 (43.8) | 0.400 |
| No | 78/206 (37.9) | |
| Pigs in residence and at work | ||
| Yes | 17/35 (48.6) | 0.239 |
| No | 90/236 (38.1) | |
| Goats in residence and at work | ||
| Yes | 3/9 (33.3) | 1.000 |
| No | 104/262 (39.7) | |
| Sheep in residence and at work | ||
| Yes | 2/8 (25.0) | 0.487 |
| No | 104/262 (39.7) | |
| Chickens in residence and at work | ||
| Yes | 38/86 (44.2) | 0.280 |
| No | 69/185 (37.3) | |
| Horses in residence and at work | ||
| Yes | 26/65 (40.0) | 0.922 |
| No | 81/206 (39.3) | |
| Do pets sleep indoors? | ||
| Yes | 49/111 (44.1) | 0.191 |
| No | 58/160 (36.3) | |
| Has any animal had an abortion at the residence? | ||
| Yes | 7/19 (36.8) | 0.807 |
| No | 100/252 (39.7) | |
| Has any animal had an abortion at work? | ||
| Yes | 13/21 (61.9) | 0.029 |
| No | 94/250 (37.6) | |
| Exposed to animal births in the last six months | ||
| Yes | 18/43 (41.9) | 0.728 |
| No | 89/228 (39.0) | |
| Consume boiled or potable water | ||
| Yes | 47/128 (36.7) | 0.353 |
| No | 60/142 (42.3) | |
| Hand washing before eating or preparing food | ||
| Yes | 92/219 (42.0) | 0.081 |
| No | 15/52 (28.8) | |
| Raw milk consumption | ||
| Yes | 17/42 (40.5) | 0.886 |
| No | 90/229 (39.3) | |
| Raw meat consumption or three quarters | ||
| Yes | 16/40 (40.0) | 0.942 |
| No | 91/231 (39.4) | |
| Preparation of products derived from raw milk | ||
| Yes | 21/60 (35.0) | 0.421 |
| No | 86/211 (40.8) | |
| Consumption of raw milk derivatives | ||
| Yes | 98/249 (39.4) | 0.887 |
| No | 9/22 (40.9) | |
| Has a history of visiting farms with animals in the last two months? | ||
| Yes | 42/118 (35.6) | 0.250 |
| No | 65/153 (42.5) | |
| Another family member is presenting AFI | ||
| Yes | 28/83 (33.7) | 0.198 |
| No | 79/188 (42.0) | |
| Has a tick-bitten history of ever? | ||
| Yes | 94/238 (39.5) | 0.991 |
| No | 13/33 (39.4) | |
| Ticks or immature forms of ticks in residence or at work | ||
| Yes | 94/238 (39.5) | 0.991 |
| No | 13/33 (39.4) | |
| Blood transfusion | ||
| Yes | 6/15 (40.0) | 0.952 |
| No | 100/255 (39.2) | |
| Travel in the last six months | ||
| Yes | 54/142 (38.0) | 0.607 |
| No | 53/129 (41.1) | |
| Direct contact with animals at work | ||
| Yes | 26/59 (44.1) | 0.415 |
| No | 81/212 (38.2) | |
1 The real-time PCR results performed to detect C. burnetii, plus the serologic detection of phase I and II IgG antibodies defined as the outcome variable.