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. 2022 Oct 9;14(10):2218. doi: 10.3390/v14102218

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Study of the mechanism involved in Th17-like profile promotion. IL-17A and IFNγ-expressing CD4TLs after conditioning with HIV-infected MIF-stimulated MDM-derived supernatant in parallel with (A) PHA stimulation, (B) CD3/CD28-engaging beads stimulation and (C) CD3/CD28-engaging antibodies stimulation. (D) Proportion of IL-17A-producing CD4TLs after MIF blocking in the context of an MIF-treated cell co-culture. From left to right: cell co-culture control with 25 ng/mL of MIF, immunoglobulin isotype control, MIF-neutralizing monoclonal antibody, MIF chemical antagonist (#98), IL-6 and IL-1β neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Each point represents an independent experiment comprising triplicates. Bars indicate the mean ± SD of all independent experiments each one performed in triplicate. Data analysis was performed by a one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-test (excluding the positive control). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.