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. 2022 Oct 1;10(10):1651. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10101651

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© 2022 by the author.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Nasal smear from a person with acute symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infection (confirmed by PCR). Note the presence of ciliated epithelium. Immunohistochemistry for two SARS-CoV-2 antigens (spike and nucleocapsid protein) revealed a positive reaction for both as to be expected after infection. (a) Detection of the spike protein. Positive control for spike subunit 1 SARS-CoV-2 protein detection. Several ciliated epithelia of the nasal mucosa show brownish granular deposits of DAB (red arrow). Compared to nucleocapsid, the DAB-granules are fewer and less densely packed granular deposits of DAB. (b) Detection of nucleocapsid protein. Positive control for nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 protein detection. Several ciliated epithelia of the nasal mucosa show dense brownish granular deposits of DAB in immunohistochemistry (examples red arrows). Compared to spike detection, the granules of DAB are finer and more densely packed. Magnification: 400x.