Table 5.
Clinical and laboratory findings at 12 months after discharge in 63 COVID-19 survivors, subdivided by chest CT findings at 12 months: normal (CT-) vs. abnormal (CT+).
| CT- | CT+ | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 15 | 48 | |
| Laboratory data | |||
| D-dimer (ng/mL) ** | 213 [190–410] | 446 [260–596] | 0.136 |
| WBC (109/L) | 5.50 [4.52–6.63] | 6.27 [5.37–7.57] | 0.162 |
| Lymphocytes (WBC %) | 32.9 [31.0–39.5] | 32.0 [25.4–38.4] | 0.303 |
| Lymphocytes (109/L) | 2.06 [1.68–2.56] | 2.03 [1.47–2.53] | 0.810 |
| <1—no./total no. (%) | 1/14 (7) | 4/47 (9) | 1.000 |
| Neutrophils (WBC %) | 52.9 [49.0–57.5] | 56.1 [47.7–62.3] | 0.451 |
| Neutrophils (109/L) | 2.89 [2.36–3.17] | 3.34 [2.55–4.33] | 0.107 |
| Symptoms | |||
| Asthenia | 3 (21) | 16 (34) | 0.516 |
| Dyspnea | 10 (71) | 25 (53) | 0.356 |
| mMRC dyspnea scale (0/1/2/3), no. (%) | 4 (29)/6 (43)/3 (21)/1 (7) | 18 (38)/22 (47)/5 (11)/2 (4) | 0.564 |
| Chest pain | 1 (7) | 2 (4) | 0.550 |
| Cough | 4 (29) | 7 (14) | 0.256 |
| Sputum | 2/13 (15) | 5 (10) | 0.639 |
| Pulmonary function tests | |||
| FVC % predicted | 102 [91–111] | 96 [86–107] | 0.359 |
| <LLN—no. (%) | 1/14 (7) | 0/47 (0) | 0.230 |
| FEV1 % predicted | 100 [92–110] | 97 [88–107] | 0.619 |
| <LLN—no. (%) | 1/14 (7) | 0/47 (0) | 0.230 |
| FEV1/FVC % predicted | 100 [93–104] | 100 [98–106] | 0.375 |
| <LLN—no. (%) | 1/14 (7) | 0/47 (0) | 0.230 |
| VA % predicted | 103 [86–114] | 96 [87–102] | 0.245 |
| <LLN—no. (%) | 2/14 (14) | 3/45 (7) | 0.583 |
| DLCO % predicted | 102 [95–108] | 95 [80–104] | 0.085 |
| <LLN—no. (%) | 0/14 (0) | 4/45 (9) | 0.564 |
| KCO % predicted | 102 [91–114] | 99 [86–112] | 0.487 |
| <LLN—no. (%) | 0/14 (0) | 3/45 (7) | 1.000 |
| TLC % predicted | 105 [99–114] | 95 [82–102] | 0.005 |
| <LLN—no. (%) | 0/14 (0) | 7/45 (15) | 0.184 |
Data are reported as median [IQR] (continuous/numerical variables) or number (%) (binary/categorical variables). p-values are computed by the independent Mann–Whitney test (continuous variables) or Fisher test (binary variables). ** n = 4 and n = 7 missing data (CT- and CT+, respectively). Abbreviations: CRP = C-reactive protein, DLCO = diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in the first second, EQ5D = European quality of life index version 5D; FVC = forced vital capacity, HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, KCO = carbon monoxide transfer coefficient, LLN = lower limit of normal, mMRC = modified Medical Research Council, SGRQ = St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, TLC = total lung capacity, VA = alveolar volume, WBC = white blood cells.