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. 2022 Oct 21;10(10):1768. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10101768

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Homing receptor profile of SPZ-specific CD4⁺ T cells at different time points after vaccination and CHMI. Statistical analysis revealed that the frequency of CD69⁺ CD4⁺ T cells expressing the skin-specific marker CCR10 (left panel), CD196 (middle panel), and liver-specific CD186 (right panel) was significantly altered when testing samples obtained at q different time points (T0 = pre-immune, T1 = 2 weeks after the third immunization, T2 = 5–6 days after CHMI, T3 = 3–4 months after CHMI). Asterisk indicates statistical significance (* p < 0.05).