14C-FRU	${}^{14}$C-Fructose
3H-DG	${}^3$H-Deoxy-D-Glucose
3T3-L1	Mouse preadipocytes
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
bw	Body weight
Caco-2	Human intestinal epithelial cells
DGE	Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
EFSA	European Food Safety Authority
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EU	European Union
EtOH	Ethanol
GAE	Gallic acid equivalent
GPx	Glutathione peroxidase
GR	Gutathione reductase
HaCaT	Human immortalized non-tumorigenic keratinocyte cell line
HCE	Human corneal epithelial
HepG2	Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
HFF-1	Human foreskin fibroblasts
IC50	Inhibitory concentration 50
IEC-6	Rat small intestine epithelial cells
ICP-MS	Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometry
INS-1E	Rat insulinoma cell line
INSR	Insulin receptor signal transduction
LD50	Lethal Dose 50
LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase
mM	Millimol
MeOH	Methanol
mRNA	Messenger ribonucleic acid
MTT	3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromid
OECD	The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
ORAC	Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity
PGC-1$\alpha$	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
POP	Phytosterol oxidation products
RAW264.7 M$\varphi$	Murine-leukemic monocyte-macrophage cell line
RE	Rutin equivalent
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SH-SY5Y	Human neuroblastoma cell line
TWI	Tolerable weekly intake