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. 2022 Sep 28;14(10):2138. doi: 10.3390/v14102138

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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MmuPV1 E6 cellular targets and the outcomes of these interactions. MmuPV1 E6 has been shown to interact with MAML1 and SMAD2/SMAD3 which are critical co-activators of NOTCH and TGF-β signaling, respectively [98]. MmuPV1 E6 binds to these important transcriptional activators and prevents their ability to promote transcriptional activation of NOTCH and TGF-β responsive genes following stimulation with appropriate ligand. One important biological outcome of these interactions is the inhibition of keratinocyte differentiation [98].