X-fold gene expression of IL6, IL1ß, and CCL20 in the PBMCs of healthy controls (n = 7) after stimulation with cereal proteins. Fold-change gene expression was analyzed with the 2−ΔΔCt method, using GAPDH as a housekeeping gene, and was related to values for the culture medium without cereal stimulants as a baseline. Results are shown as medians with interquartile range. The Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test was used to analyze differences in gene expression after stimulation of the PBMCs of healthy controls with various cereal fractions. (a,b,c,d) means significant differences between the fractions marked with same letters.