Table 3. Forage ratio for birds of the order Passeriformes in the selected studies.
A result equal to 1 represents opportunistic feeding behaviour, while one greater than 1 or lower than1 represents preference and avoidance, respectively. Bird species are reported in alphabetic order. Species that are significantly preferred and/or avoided are reported in bold.
| Bird species | Kothera, 2020 [37] | Hannon, 2019 [33] | Thiemann, 2011 [39] | Hamer, 2009 [22] | Mendenhall, 2012 [34] | Estrada-Franco, 2020 [38] | Kilpatrick, 2006 [36] | Rizzoli, 2015 [35] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cx. pipiens complex | Cx. restuans | Cx. quinquefasciatus | Cx. tarsalis—Late summer | Cx. tarsalis—Winter | Cx. pipiens | Cx. restuans | Cx. erraticus | Cx. quinquefasciatus | Cx. quinquefasciatus | Cx. pipiens and Cx. restuans | Cx. pipiens | |
| American Crow | 0.05 | 0.37 | 0.54 | 1.37 | ||||||||
| American Goldfinch | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.22 | ||||||||
| American Redstart | 0.08 | 0.63 | ||||||||||
| American Robin | 3.40 | 1.80 | 38.42 | 27.71 | 2.26 | 1.92 | 16.70 | |||||
| Acadian Flycatcher | 0.58 | 4.43 | ||||||||||
| Baltimore Oriole | 1.15 | 4.43 | 1.12 | 2.85 | ||||||||
| Barn Swallow | 1.94 | 4.96 | 0.02 | |||||||||
| Black-and-White Warbler | 0.58 | 4.43 | ||||||||||
| Black-capped Chickadee | 0.05 | 0.40 | 1.86 | 2.37 | ||||||||
| Blue Jay | 0.58 | 4.43 | 8.44 | 3.08 | 0.90 | |||||||
| Blue-gray Gnatcatcher | 1.81 | 4.62 | ||||||||||
| Brewer’s Sparrow | 4.83 | |||||||||||
| Brown Trasher | 24.17 | 2.50 | ||||||||||
| Brown-headed Cowbird | 2.00 | 0.65 | 3.34 | |||||||||
| Canada Warbler | 0.58 | 4.43 | ||||||||||
| Cedar Waxwing | 22.50 | 13.29 | 0.59 | 0.75 | ||||||||
| Chipping Sparrow | 0.46 | 0.59 | ||||||||||
| Cliff Swallow | 0.58 | 4.43 | ||||||||||
| Common Blackbird | 8.25 | |||||||||||
| Common Canary | 25.17 | |||||||||||
| Common Grackle | 0.29 | 2.22 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 1.60 | |||||||
| Common Raven | 5.24 | |||||||||||
| Common Redpoll | 0.58 | 4.43 | ||||||||||
| Common Yellowthroat | 6.95 | 17.73 | ||||||||||
| Eastern Bluebird | 10.75 | 27.43 | ||||||||||
| Eastern Kingbird | 4.04 | 10.32 | ||||||||||
| Eastern Towhee | 11.85 | 30.24 | ||||||||||
| Eastern Wood-pewee | 0.58 | 4.43 | 2.67 | 6.8 | ||||||||
| European Starling | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.39 | 0.91 | 0.89 | ||||||
| Field Sparrow | 64.25 | |||||||||||
| Fish Crow | 0.70 | 24.60 and 10.40* | ||||||||||
| Gray Catbird | 0.58 | 4.43 | 0.78 | 1.99 | ||||||||
| Great Crested Flycatcher | 0.58 | 4.43 | 3.64 | 9.28 | ||||||||
| Great-tailed Grackle | 0.89 | |||||||||||
| House Finch | 35.77 | 8.86 | 7.65 | 0.99 | 1.17 | 5.69 | 3.42 | |||||
| House Martin | 0.14 | |||||||||||
| House Sparrow | 0.90 | 0.87 | 4.74 | 0.13 | 0.44 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.22 | 0.50 | −7.90 | 1.01 | |
| House Wren | 1.82 | 1.55 | ||||||||||
| Indigo Bunting | 3.09 | 7.89 | ||||||||||
| Lazuli Bunting | 2.35 | |||||||||||
| Lesser Goldfinch | 1.09 | |||||||||||
| Lincoln’s Sparrow | 7.29 | |||||||||||
| Magpie | 3.54 | |||||||||||
| Northern Cardinal | 3.85 | 7.38 | 5.50 | 6.20 | 2.90 | |||||||
| Northern Mockingbird | 3.34 | 1.80 | ||||||||||
| Prothonotary Warbler | 0.58 | 4.43 | ||||||||||
| Red-eyed Vireo | 0.29 | 2.22 | 2.49 | 6.35 | ||||||||
| Red-winged Blackbird | 0.08 | 0.41 | ||||||||||
| Scarlet Tanager | 34.09 | 87.00 | ||||||||||
| Song Sparrow | 2.11 | 2.69 | ||||||||||
| Swainson’s Thrush | 0.19 | 1.48 | 50.34 | |||||||||
| Swamp Sparrow | 64.25 | |||||||||||
| Tufted Titmouse | 2.00 | |||||||||||
| Veery | 3.12 | 7.97 | ||||||||||
| Warbling Vireo | 0.58 | 4.43 | 3.54 | 9.02 | ||||||||
| Western Scrub-Jay | 7.29 | |||||||||||
| Western Tanager | 2.33 | |||||||||||
| White-breasted Nuthatch | 0.58 | 4.43 | 3.29 | 8.39 | ||||||||
| Willow Flycatcher | 7.17 | 18.30 | ||||||||||
| Yellow Warbler | 0.58 | 4.43 | 2.27 | 5.80 | ||||||||
| Yellow-billed Magpie | 22.79 | |||||||||||
| Yellow-rumped Warbler | 0.58 | 4.43 | 0.05 | |||||||||
*Results from 2 different sites.