Table 3. Comparison between SLE patients with renal flare and SLE patients without renal flare.

Variable	SLE with renal flare n = 41	SLE without renal flare n = 73	p
Age yr, median and ranges	41.0 (18.0–65.0)	44.0 (18.0–66.0)	0.58
Female, n (%)	38 (92.7)	70 (95.9)	0.46
Comorbidities
Diabetes, n (%)	5 (12.2)	8 (11.0)	0.84
Hypertension, n (%)	15 (36.6)	20 (7.4)	0.31
Previous renal activity, n (%)	41 (100.0)	24 (32.9)	<0.001
Disease characteristics
Disease duration, median and ranges	11.0 (0.5–31.0)	10.0 (0.5–30.0)	0.32
SLICC/ACR	1.0 (0.0–6.0)	0.0 (0.0–6.0)	0.009
Treatment
Glucocorticoids*, n (%)	38 (92.7)	69 (94.5)	0.70
Glucocorticoids Doses (mg/day), median and ranges	15 (0.0–75.0)	10.0 (0.0–75.0)	0.01
Azathioprine, n (%)	15 (36.6)	33 (45.2)	0.37
Mycophenolate, n (%)	13 (31.7)	16 (21.9)	0.25
Chloroquine, n (%)	6 (14.6)	22 (30.1)	0.07
Laboratory parameters
Proteinuria (g/day), median and ranges	1.6 (0.5–10.8)	0.16 (0.04–1.89)	<0.001
eGFR (mL/min/m2), median and ranges	92.3 (14.8–214.2)	93.8 (55.7–220.9)	0.62
Creatinine clearance (mL/min), median and ranges	109.6 (16.5–297.0)	109.0 (28.3–371.0)	0.32
Serum creatinine (mg/dL), median and ranges	0.7 (0.4–3.6)	0.7 (0.4–1.1)	0.28
Positive Anti-dsDNA, n (%)	13 (31.7)	21 (28.8)	0.74
Low C3 levels, n (%)	11 (26.8)	12 (16.4)	0.19
Low C4 levels, n (%)	9 (22.0)	7 (9.6)	0.07
Serum uromodulin (ng/mL), median and ranges	96.2 (3.0–271.3)	130.9 (40.2–288.8)	<0.001
sUromod/eGFR index, median and ranges	0.8 (0.8–2.3)	1.3 (0.4–5.0)	<0.001

Comparison qualitative variables were computed using chi-square test. Comparison of quantitative variables were computed using the U-Mann Whitney test. SLEDAI: Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index. SLICC/ACR: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology