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. 2022 Oct 27;7:127. doi: 10.1038/s41541-022-00550-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — A the maternal immunization strategy, B extended half-life monoclonal antibodies, and C live-attenuated vaccines. The green compartments represent RSV transmission dynamics. Compartments M stand for infants who are protected by maternally derived immunity. Compartments S stand for susceptible status. The subscripts of S compartments represent the number of previous infections. Compartments I stand for the infected and infectious status. The subscripts of I compartments indicate whether current infection is the first, second, third or subsequent infections. The purple compartments are the observational-level disease states, where D stands for lower respiratory tract diseases and H stands for hospitalized. The pink compartments are immunized states. In panel A, $M_{v}$ represents infants who are born to vaccinated mothers and are fully protected by maternally derived immunity. After the transplacentally acquired immunity wanes, infants who are born to vaccinated mothers become susceptible ( $S_{v}$ ) to RSV infection with a reduced risk. $V_{m}$ represents the vaccinated mothers. In panel B, $M_{m A b}$ represents infants who receive long-lasting mAbs at birth. In panel C, $I_{v}$ represents the newly vaccinated infants who can shed vaccine viruses. After the acute vaccine-shedding period, vaccinated infants gain partial immunity and become less susceptible to RSV infection ( $S_{v}$ ), comparable to the $S_{1}$ state.