. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 27.

Published in final edited form as: JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2020 Dec 14;13(23):2745–2752. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2020.09.059

TABLE 3.

Multivariate Cox Regression for the Primary and Secondary Endpoints Between PFO Closure and Medical Therapy in the 134 Patients With Thrombophilia

Outcomes	PFO Closure (n = 89)	Medical Therapy (n = 45)	Model 1^*		Model 2^†		Model 3^‡
Outcomes	PFO Closure (n = 89)	Medical Therapy (n = 45)	HR (95% CI)	p Value	HR (95% CI)	p Value	HR (95% CI)	p Value
Recurrent stroke or TIA	6 (6.7)	15 (33.3)	0.21 (0.08–0.57)	0.002	0.21 (0.08–0.57)	0.002	0.25 (0.08–0.74)	0.012

Recurrent stroke	1 (1.1)	6 (13.3)	0.09 (0.01–0.83)	0.033	0.08 (0.01–0.75)	0.027	0.06 (0.01–0.62)	0.019

Recurrent TIA	5 (5.6)	9 (20.0)	0.29 (0.09–0.92)	0.036	0.30 (0.09–0.97)	0.043	0.48 (0.13–1.74)	0.262

Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, and therapy options.

^†

Model 2 adjusted for age, sex, therapy options and traditional risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking history).

^‡

Model 3 adjusted for age, sex, therapy options, traditional risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking history) and PFO characteristics (large shunt and atrial septal aneurysm).

CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; PFO = patent foramen ovale; TIA = transient ischemic attack.