TABLE 1.
Demographics and musical sophistication of research participants.
| Musicians | Non-musicians | Chi-square test | ||
| χ 2 | p | |||
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| Gender | 10F, 15M | 11F, 14M | 0.082 | 0.774 |
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| Mann–Whitney U test | ||||
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| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | U | p | |
| Age | 25.0 (3.9) | 24.7 (2.9) | 302.5 | 0.845 |
| GMSI1: Active engagement | 49.7 (5.3) | 28.3 (10.6) | 26.5 | < 0.001 |
| GMSI2: Perceptual abilities | 55.3 (4.5) | 37.7 (6.7) | 12.5 | < 0.001 |
| GMSI3: Musical training | 42.4 (3.1) | 10.9 (3.2) | 0.0 | < 0.001 |
| GMSI4: Emotions | 36.2 (4.0) | 27.7 (5.0) | 61.0 | < 0.001 |
| GMSI5: Singing abilities | 38.9 (5.1) | 21.2 (5.7) | 4.0 | < 0.001 |
| GMSI6: General sophistication | 104.9 (7.3) | 49.4 (11.1) | 0.0 | < 0.001 |
GMSI 1–6 designate the six subscales of Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index v1.0 (Müllensiefen et al., 2014).