Table 1.
Summary of MM’s performance on general neuropsychological and neurolinguistic tests.
| General neuropsychology | Raw scores | Norms/comment |
|---|---|---|
| MMSE1 | 22/30 | |
| Short Recognition Memory Test for words2* | 25/25 | >50th %ile |
| (joint auditory/visual presentation) | ||
| Concrete Synonyms test3 | 23/25 | >50th %ile |
| Naming (verbal description) | 19/20 | >50th %ile |
| Cognitive estimates4 (error score) | 0 | >50th %ile |
| Calculation (GDA5)* | 1/24 | <1st %ile |
| Spelling (GDST6- Set B, first 20 items)* | 16/20 | 10-25th%ile |
| Gesture production test7 | 15/15 | - |
| Digit span (forwards) | 12/12 | >50th %ile |
| Digit span (backwards) | 5/12 | 25-50th %ile |
| Early visual processing | ||
| Visual acuity (CORVIST8): Snellen | 6/9 | Normal |
| Figure-ground discrimination (VOSP9) | 20/20 | >50th %ile |
| Shape discrimination – Efron squares10 | 19/20 | Healthy control do not make errors |
| Hue discrimination (CORVIST) | 3/4 | Impaired |
| Visuoperceptual processing | ||
| Fragmented letters (VOSP)* | 12/20 | <5th %ile |
| Object Decision (VOSP)* | 13/20 | CLA: <5th%ile; FOL: 10th-25th%ile |
| Unusual and usual views11: Unusual | 11/20 | <1st %ile |
| Unusual and usual views11: Usual | 19/20 | Within normal range |
| Visuospatial processing | ||
| Number location (VOSP)* | 2/10 | <5th %ile |
| Dot counting (VOSP)* | 4/10 | <5th %ile |
| A Cancellation12: Completion time | 56 | <5th %ile |
| A Cancellation12: Number of letters missed | 0 | - |
| CORVIST reading test | 16/16 | - |
| Language assessment using CAT13 | ||
| Receptive language | ||
| Spoken word picture matching (visual presentation) | 26/30 | Within normal range |
| Spoken sentence picture matching (visual presentation) | 22/32 | <5th %ile |
| Comprehension of spoken paragraphs | 4/4 | Within normal range |
| Total spoken comprehension score | 52/66 | <5th %ile |
| Expressive language | ||
| Repetition of real words | 32/32 | Within normal range |
| Repetition of complex words | 6/6 | Within normal range |
| Repetition of non-words | 6/10 | <5th %ile |
| Digit span (forwards) | 14/14 | Within normal range |
| Repetition of sentences | 12/12 | Within normal range |
| Naming objects (visual presentation) | 46/48 | Within normal range |
| Naming actions (visual presentation) | 4/10 | <5th %ile |
| Picture description (visual presentation) | 23 | <5th %ile |
*Behavioral screening tests supportive of PCA diagnosis. 1 Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE: Folstein et al., 1975). 2 Warrington (1996). 3 Warrington et al. (1998). 4 Shallice and Evans (1978). 5 Graded Difficulty Arithmetic test (GDA; Jackson & Warrington, 1986). 6 Graded Difficulty Spelling Test (GDST; Baxter & Warrington, 1994). 7 Crutch (unpublished). 8 Cortical Visual Screening Test (CORVIST; James et al., 2001).9 Visual Object and Space Perception Battery (VOSP; Warrington & James, 1991). 10 Efron (1968). 11 Warrington and James (1988). 12 Willison and Warrington (1992) 13 Comprehensive Aphasia Test (CAT; Swinburn et al., 2004).