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. 2022 Oct 28;15:117. doi: 10.1186/s13048-022-01051-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Fecal fungal characteristic variations associated with PCOS. a α diversity measured by Chao1 and Shannon indices was highest in Healthy-HB. p values denote the significance among groups. Letters indicate ANOVA grouping. b Differences in fungal structures among Healthy-LB, Healthy-HB, PCOS-HB and PCOS-LB, as revealed by PCoA analysis. c RDA analyses reflecting differences in gut fungal structures fitted with significantly correlated clinical properties. d Distinguished fungal genera screened by Kruskal–Wallis tests. e Correlation between distinguished fungal genera and key clinical parameters. f Characteristic fungal taxa based on LDA effect size (LEfSe) analysis between PCOS patients and healthy individuals