Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in ischemic stroke patients: the 2019 GWTG-Stroke sample and the entire U.S. based on the Bayesian weighted sample.
| Variable | GWTG-Stroke | U.S. 2019 (Bayesian Weighted) |
|---|---|---|
| N=414,628 | N=552,476 N (Proportion, 95% CI) |
|
| Patient Demographics | ||
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 71 (61 – 81) | 71 (60 – 81) |
| Female | 203,249 (49.0%) | 269,840 (48.8%, 95% CI 48.5–49.2%) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| White | 278,602 (67.2%) | 348,457 (63.1%, 95% CI 62.7–63.5%) |
| Black | 74,227 (17.9%) | 92,875 (16.8%, 95% CI 16.5–17.1%) |
| Hispanic | 31,109 (7.5%) | 51,788 (9.4%, 95% CI 9.0–9.7%) |
| Asian & Pacific Islander | 13,871 (3.4%) | 24,302 (4.4%, 95% CI 4.2–4.6%) |
| Other | 16,819 (4.1%) | 35,053 (6.3%, 95% CI 6.1–6.6%) |
| Insurance | ||
| Private/VA/Champus/Other Insurance | 76,349 (22.5%) | 104,231 (23.0%, 95% CI 22.7–23.3% |
| Medicaid | 28,448 (8.4%) | 37,277 (8.2%, 95% CI 8.0–8.5%) |
| Medicare | 218,893 (64.4%) | 286,934 (63.3%, 95% CI 62.9–63.7%) |
| Self Pay/No Insurance | 15,983 (4.7%) | 25,120 (5.5%, 95% CI 5.3–5.8%) |
| Medical History | ||
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter history/new diagnosis | 95,507 (23.1%) | 124,192 (22.6%, 95% CI 22.3–22.8%) |
| Previous Stroke/TIA | 125,649 (30.5%) | 165,355 (30.2%, 95% CI 29.8–30.5%) |
| CAD/Prior Myocardial Infarction | 92,743 (22.5%) | 121,403 (22.1%, 95% CI 22.9–22.4%) |
| Carotid Stenosis | 14,934 (3.6%) | 19,187 (3.5%, 95% CI 3.4–3.6%) |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 147,794 (35.9%) | 199,675 (36.4%, 95% CI 36.1–36.8%) |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 16,784 (4.1%) | 22,390 (4.1%, 95% CI 4.0–4.2%) |
| Hypertension | 315,574 (76.7%) | 419,251 (76.5%, 95% CI 76.2–76.8%) |
| Smoker | 77,756 (18.9%) | 105,826 (19.3%, 95% CI 19.1–19.6%) |
| Dyslipidemia | 200,575 (48.7%) | 262,999 (48.0%, 95% CI 47.6–48.3%) |
| Heart Failure | 41,726 (10.1%) | 54,609 (10.0%, 95% CI 9.8–10.2%) |
| Obesity/Overweight | 123,112 (29.9%) | 163,125 (29.8%, 95% CI 29.4–30.1%) |
| Chronic Renal Insufficiency | 43,135 (10.5%) | 56,779 (10.4%, 95% CI 10.2–10.6%) |
| Medications Prior to Admission | ||
| Antiplatelets | 177,052 (47.6%) | 230,322 (46.4%, 95% CI 46.1–46.8%) |
| Anticoagulants | 51,139 (20.0%) | 66,364 (19.2%, 95% CI 18.9–19.6%) |
| Antihypertensives | 227,286 (66.6%) | 304,648 (66.2%, 95% CI 65.8–66.6%) |
| Cholesterol-Reducers | 194,326 (47.2%) | 253,731 (46.3%, 95% CI 45.9–46.6%) |
| Diabetic Medications | 96,998 (28.8%) | 131,446 (29.0%, 95% CI 28.7–29.4%) |
| Stroke Presentation Severity | ||
| NIHSS Score categories | ||
| 0–4 | 226,953 (58.6%) | 299,827 (58.7%, 95% CI 58.3–59.0%) |
| 5–9 | 74,321 (19.2%) | 97,680 (19.1%, 95% CI 18.9–19.4%) |
| 10–14 | 32,530 (8.4%) | 42,466 (8.3%, 95% CI 8.1–8.5%) |
| 15–20 | 26,827 (6.9%) | 35,634 (7.0%, 95% CI 6.8–7.2%) |
| >20 | 26,884 (6.9%) | 35,406 (6.9%, 95% CI 6.8–7.1%) |
| Initial NIHSS Score (0–42), median (IQR) | 3 (1 – 8) | 3 (1 – 8) |
| Hospital Characteristics | ||
| Census Divisions | ||
| Division 1 New England | 17,640 (4.3%) | 23,847 (4.3%, 95% CI 4.2–4.5%) |
| Division 2 Mid-Atlantic | 63,949 (15.4%) | 71,472 (12.9%, 95% CI 12.7–13.1%) |
| Division 3 East North Central | 58,373 (14.1%) | 82,502 (14.9%, 95% CI 14.7–15.2%) |
| Division 4 West North Central | 28,034 (6.8%) | 35,975 (6.5%, 95% CI 6.3–6.7%) |
| Division 5 South Atlantic | 97,670 (23.6%) | 124,143 (22.5%, 95% CI 22.2–22.8%) |
| Division 6 East South Central | 27,333 (6.6%) | 44,053 (8.0%, 95% CI 7.7–8.2%) |
| Division 7 West South Central | 43,504 (10.5%) | 68,336 (12.4%, 95% CI 12.1–12.6%) |
| Division 8 Mountain | 21,446 (5.2%) | 30,018 (5.4%, 95% CI 5.3–5.6%) |
| Division 9 Pacific | 56,679 (13.7%) | 72,132 (13.1%, 95% CI 12.8–13.3%) |
| Hospital ownership | ||
| Government | 47,351 (11.4%) | 61,607 (11.2%, 95% CI 10.8–11.5%) |
| Private, Nonprofit | 319,389 (77.0%) | 413,545 (74.9%, 95% CI 74.4–75.3%) |
| Private, Investment | 47,888 (11.6%) | 77,324 (14.0%, 95% CI 13.7–14.3%) |
| Rural/teaching status | ||
| Rural | 19,371 (4.7%) | 32,793 (5.9%, 95% CI 5.5–6.3%) |
| Urban non-teaching | 89,200 (21.5%) | 90,735 (16.4%, 95% CI 16.1–16.8%) |
| Urban teaching | 306,057 (73.8%) | 428,948 (77.6%, 95% CI 77.2–78.1%) |
| Bed Size Categories* | ||
| Small | 53,558 (12.9%) | 96,760 (17.5%, 95% CI 17.1–17.9%) |
| Medium | 112,109 (27.0%) | 167,345 (30.3%, 95% CI 30.0–30.6%) |
| Large | 248,961 (60.0%) | 288,372 (52.2%, 95% CI 51.8–52.6%) |
| GWTG Hospital Characteristics | ||
| Primary Stroke Center | 302,198 (72.9%) | 397,705 (72.0%, 95% CI 71.6–72.4%) |
| Comprehensive Stroke Center | 97,461 (23.5%) | 126,893 (23.0%, 95% CI 22.8–23.2%) |
| Academic Hospital | 312,615 (75.4%) | 436,212 (79.0%, 95% CI 78.5–79.4%) |
*
defined by Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project definitions
TIA= Transient Ischemic Attack, CAD = Coronary Artery Disease, NIHSS = NIH Stroke Scale/Score