Fig. 1.

Representative flow patterns. Illustration of typical flow patterns seen across different intervention strategies, resting baseline is shown as a dashed line in all plots. a Prolonged elevated flow patterns as are commonly seen during interventions such as steady-state exercise or continuous exposure to heat stimuli (e.g., hot water bathing). b Interval or intermittent increases in flow, separated by a return to baseline, as is typical in interval-based exercise responses or in intermittent exposure to environmental stimuli. c Flow response seen during ischemic preconditioning, typified by a prolonged period of very low flow during the ischemic period, followed by a rapid elevation and steady return towards baseline during the cuff-release period. d Pneumatic compression induced flow patterns modelled on a low-frequency treatment pattern of repeated 4-s inflations and 16-s deflations