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. 2022 Aug 26;32(11):3561–3570. doi: 10.1007/s11695-022-06256-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Serum concentrations for all groups after the 12-month intervention period (T12), and at 24 and 36 months of follow-up (T24, T36). Lines depict estimated marginal means ± standard errors (error bars). a Hemoglobin. *Significantly higher serum levels for Optimum 1.0 compared to sMVS and non-users at T36 (P < 0.05). b MCV. c Ferritin. d Folic acid. *Significantly different serum levels between all groups (P < 0.05). e Vitamin B12. **Significantly lower serum levels for non-users compared to all other groups (P < 0.01). f Vitamin D. **Significantly higher serum levels for Optimum 1.0 and Optimum 2.0 compared to non-users at T24 (P < 0.01). ***Significantly higher serum levels for Optimum 1.0 compared to non-users and sMVS at T36 (P < 0.001). g PTH. h (Corrected) calcium. *Significantly higher serum levels for Optimum 1.0 compared to non-users (P = 0.02). i Albumin