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. 2022 Oct 27;13(10):905. doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-05317-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A Representative image of SA-βGal staining in the TINs and PBNs extracted from BC patients (n = 15) before and after chemotherapy. Scare bars, 20 μm. B qPCR analysis of P16^INK4a in the TINs and PBNs extracted from BC patients before and after chemotherapy. C Representative images of P16^INK4a and CD66b staining in BC patients before and after chemotherapy (above). Scare bars, 50 μm. The P16^INK4a staining score of CD66b⁺ cells in tumors pre- and post-chemotherapy (below). D Phenotype analysis of exosomes derived from pre-therapeutic and post-therapeutic TINs using electron microscopy and Nano Sight nanoparticle tracking analysis. E Immunoblotting of TSG101 and CD81 in whole cell lysates (WCL) and exosomes of pre-therapeutic and post-therapeutic TINs. Densitometry represents the expression of the proteins relative to β-actin. F The number of exosomes in the exosome fraction was quantified in pre-therapeutic and post-therapeutic neutrophils. G qPCR analysis of ALIX, Syntenin-1, and CD9 in the exosomes of the TINs and PBNs extracted from BC patients before and after chemotherapy. H Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showing overall survival based on the expression of senescent neutrophil gene signature in GSE20685. Data represent the mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.