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. 2022 Oct 27;506(1):128–131. doi: 10.1134/S0012496622050118

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© The Author(s) 2022, ISSN 0012-4966, Doklady Biological Sciences, 2022, Vol. 506, pp. 128–131. © The Author(s), 2022. This article is an open access publication.Russian Text © The Author(s), 2022, published in Doklady Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Nauki o Zhizni, 2022, Vol. 506, pp. 406–410.

Open Access.This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1. — (a) Overview and (b–d) fine structure of the integument in S. fiordicum larvae before metamorphosis. (a) Appearance of a larva, scanning electron microscopy. (b) Clusters of one to seven apoptotic nuclei ejected from the body wall. Each nucleus is surrounded with a shrunken (folded) plasmalemma, and the total cluster is surrounded with a cuticle. Transmission electron microscopy. (c) Normally developed intraepidermal circumesophageal connectives, transmission electron microscopy. (d) Swollen cells of the epidermis of the body wall contain loose material; cell membranes form numerous folds; fragmented or whole apoptotic nuclei occur at the cell periphery. Transmission electron microscopy. Designations: ag, Golgi apparatus; an, apoptotic nuclei; ca, chaetae of the annula; co, chaetae of the first segment of the opisthosoma; cu, cuticle; eg, electron-dense granules; f, cuticular frenulum; fr, forepart segment; fpl, shrunken plasmalemma; lc, loose (reticulate or fibrous) cytoplasm; li, lipid drops; m, mesotroch; mi, microvilli; n. nerotroch (ventral ciliary band); ne, neurites; o, first segment of the opisthosoma; p, prototroch; pe, peristomium; pl, plasmallema; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium; tb, tentacle rudiment; tr, trunk segment.