Table 1.
Distress | Studies | Cases | N | Prevalence | 95 % CI | I2 | p-Value1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depression | |||||||
Overall depression | 116 | 43,557 | 126,044 | 41 % | 37 %–45 % | 99.9 % | 0.052 |
Mild and above | 89 | 33,264 | 93,310 | 43 % | 39 %–48 % | 99.8 % | |
Moderate and severe | 81 | 19,735 | 82,418 | 27 % | 22 %–31 % | 99.9 % | |
Anxiety | |||||||
Overall anxiety | 125 | 46,755 | 155,291 | 38 % | 34 %–42 % | 100 % | <0.001 |
Mild and above | 103 | 38,819 | 122,966 | 39 % | 34 %–43 % | 100 % | |
Moderate and severe | 89 | 18,488 | 107,648 | 24 % | 20 %–29 % | 100 % | |
Stress | 43 | 9102 | 34,231 | 34 % | 27 %–42 % | 99.9 % | 0.932 |
Sleep disorder | 34 | 10,945 | 20,661 | 52 % | 44 %–60 % | 99.7 % | 0.002 |
PTSD | 13 | 3231 | 17,622 | 34 % | 22 %–46 % | 99.5 % | 0.001 |
Distress | 25 | 8146 | 15,195 | 58 % | 51 %–65 % | 99.2 % | 0.178 |
Suicidal ideation | 13 | 3857 | 26,708 | 15 % | 11 %–18 % | 98.7 % | 0.219 |
Burnout | 13 | 8089 | 17,577 | 38 % | 25 %–50 % | 99.8 % | 0.928 |
p-Value for egger's test, with a p > 0.05 suggested no publication bias.