TABLE 1.
Main characteristics of included RCTs.
| Author-year | Trial registration | Location | Participants | Type of SGLT2 inhibitors/ control |
No. SGLT2 inhibitors/ control |
Follow-up duration, weeks |
Endpoints assessed |
Study design |
| Zinman et al. (8) | NCT01131676 | worldwide | T2D | Empagliflozin/placebo | 4687/2333 | 161.6 | All-cause death, MACE, CV death, HHF, MI, stroke | Multicenter, double-blind RCT |
| Neal1 et al. (18) | NCT01032629 | worldwide | T2D | Canagliflozin/placebo | 2888/1442 | 295.9 | All-cause death, MACE, CV death, HHF, MI, stroke | Multicenter, double-blind RCT |
| Neal et al. (18) | NCT01989754 | Worldwide | T2D | Canagliflozin/placebo | 2907/2905 | 108.0 | All-cause death, MACE, CV death, HHF, MI, stroke | Multicenter, double-blind RCT |
| Jardine et al. (19) | NCT02065791 | Worldwide | T2D, CKD | Canagliflozin/placebo | 2202/2199 | 135.6 | All-cause death, MACE, CV death, HHF | Multicenter, double-blind RCT |
| Nassif et al. (27) | NCT02653482 | US | HFrEF | Dapagliflozin/placebo | 131/132 | 12* | All-cause death, CV death, MI, stroke | Multicenter, double-blind RCT |
| Wiviott et al. (7) | NCT01730534 | Worldwide | T2D, ACD or were at risk for ACD | Dapagliflozin/placebo | 8582/8578 | 219.0 | All-cause death, MACE, CV death, HHF, MI, stroke | Multicenter, double-blind RCT |
| Bhatt et al. (20) | NCT03315143 | Worldwide | T2D, CKD, risks for ACD | Sotagliflozin/placebo | 5292/5292 | 68.6 | All-cause death, MACE, CV death, HHF | Multicenter, double-blind RCT |
| Bhatt et al. (21) | NCT03521934 | Worldwide | T2D who were recently HHF | Sotagliflozin/placebo | 608/614 | 38.6 | All-cause death, MACE, CV deaths, HHF | Multicenter, double-blind RCT |
| Cannon et al. (22) | NCT01986881 | Worldwide | T2D and ACD | Ertugliflozin/placebo | 5499/2747 | 156.4 | All-cause death, MACE, CV death, HHF, MI, stroke | Multicenter, double-blind RCT |
| Heerspink et al. (32) | NCT03036150 | Worldwide | CKD, with or without T2D | Dapagliflozin/placebo | 2152/2152 | 125.1 | CV death, all-cause death, HHF |
Multicenter, double-blind RCT |
| Packer et al. (28) | NCT03057977 | Worldwide | HFrEF | Empagliflozin/placebo | 1863/1867 | 67.8 | All-cause death, CV death, HHF | Multicenter, double-blind RCT |
| Petrie et al. (23) | NCT03036124 | Worldwide | HFrEF with or without diabetes | Dapagliflozin/placebo | 2373/1371 | 78.2 | All-cause death, CV death, HHF | Multicenter, double-blind RCT |
| Santos-Gallego et al. (29) | NCT03485222 | US | Non-diabetic HFrEF. | Empagliflozin/placebo | 42/42 | 26.1* | All-cause death, CV death | Single-center, double-blind RCT |
| Anker et al. (12) | NCT03057951 | Worldwide | HFpEF | Empagliflozin/placebo | 2997/2991 | 85.7 | All-cause death, CV death, HHF | Multicenter, double-blind RCT |
| Nassif et al. (13) | NCT03030235 | US | HFpEF | Dapagliflozin/placebo | 162/162 | 12* | All-cause death, MI, stroke | Multicenter, double-blind RCT |
Main characteristics of included RCTs. RCT, randomized controlled trial; SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2; T2D, type 2 diabetes; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; ACD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; HHF, hospitalization for heart failure; HFpEF, HF with preserved ejection fraction; MACE, major adverse cardiac events; CV death, cardiovascular death; MI, myocardial infarction. *The treatment time of SGLT2 inhibitors or placebo was reported because three RCTs lacked of following up after the treatment stopped.