Table 4.
Effects of TRT and RT + CT on cognitive functions.
| Variables | RT + CT (n = 13) | TRT (n = 12) | Time | Group × Time | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | ES | Δ% | Pre | Post | ES | Δ% | |||
| Cognitive functions | ||||||||||
| SVF (words/min) | 17.5 ± 5.6 | 22.4 ± 5.1* | 0.9 | 28.0 | 18.5 ± 4.9 | 20.0 ± 5.4 | 0.3 | 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.05 |
| PVF (words/min) | 13.3 ± 5.3 | 17.5 ± 6.3* | 0.7 | 31.5 | 14.5 ± 5.1 | 15.7 ± 5.6 | 0.2 | 8.2 | 0.09 | 0.05 |
| TUG-cog (s) | 7.6 ± 0.9 | 6.2 ± 0.5* | 1.3 | 18.4 | 7.9 ± 1.6 | 6.7 ± 0.9* | 0.9 | 15.1 | <0.001 | 0.56 |
| TMT-A (s) | 47.4 ± 16.8 | 42.0 ± 14.8 | 0.3 | 11.3 | 39.1 ± 8.6 | 39.0 ± 17.2 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.06 | 0.67 |
| TMT-B (s) | 87.1 ± 44.4 | 85.0 ± 32.4 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 103.9 ± 50.4 | 124.9 ± 71.3 | 0.3 | 20.2 | 0.52 | 0.52 |
| SPMT (points) | 15.6 ± 3.8 | 17.1 ± 3.6* | 0.4 | 9.6 | 15.4 ± 3.7 | 16.4 ± 4.1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 0.67 |
| BDNF (pg/mL) | 757 ± 260 | 1,158 ± 483* | 1.0 | 52.9 | 1,001 ± 367 | 780 ± 320 | 0.6 | 22 | 0.41 | 0.001 |
BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; RT + CT, resistance training combined with cognitive training; ES, effect size; SPMT, Scenery Picture Memory Test; TMT-A, Trail Making Test A; TMT-B, Trail Making Test B; TRT, traditional resistance training; SVF, semantic verbal fluency; PVF, phonological verbal fluency.
*
Main effect of time (Post-hoc), p < 0.05.