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. 2022 Oct 14;12:992929. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.992929

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Copyright © 2022 Zhao, Guo, Song, Liu, Liao, Zhang, Zhang, Yang, Gu and Huang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Characterization of serum exosomes and GPC-1 expression in serum exosomes and serum. (A) TEM image of exosomes extracted from the serum of patients with PDAC. (B) Nano flow cytometry analysis of serum exosomes. (C) Western blot analysis of the serum exosomal markers CD9, TSG101, and CD81. TEM, transmission electron microscopy; PDAC, pancreatic ductal carcinoma. (D) Serum exosomal, serum and exosome-depleted serum supernatant GPC-1 expression levels. Serum exosomal (E) and serum (F) GPC-1 expression levels were stable under 1-5 freeze–thaw cycles.

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