Table 3.
Stratified analyses of the associations between dietary folate intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
| Nutrient intake | Ptrend | Pinteraction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||
| Male | ||||||
| All-cause mortality | ||||||
| Age | 0.065 | |||||
| <60 y | Ref | 1.30 (0.99~1.72) | 1.42 (1.03~1.96) | 1.12 (0.79~1.60) | 0.106 | |
| ≥60 y | Ref | 0.85 (0.74~0.98) | 0.84 (0.72~0.99) | 0.69 (0.59~0.82) | <0.001 | |
| Current smoker | 0.606 | |||||
| Yes | Ref | 1.01 (0.77~1.34) | 1.18 (0.87~1.60) | 0.77 (0.53~1.10) | 0.149 | |
| No | Ref | 0.91 (0.79~1.04) | 0.87 (0.75~1.02) | 0.75 (0.64~0.89) | 0.010 | |
| Current drinker | 0.976 | |||||
| Yes | Ref | 0.92 (0.73~1.16) | 0.88 (0.67~1.15) | 0.77 (0.57~1.03) | 0.358 | |
| No | Ref | 0.93 (0.81~1.08) | 0.95 (0.81~1.12) | 0.76 (0.63~0.90) | 0.018 | |
| BMI | 0.033 | |||||
| <30 kg/m2 | Ref | 0.91 (0.78~1.07) | 0.97 (0.82~1.16) | 0.78 (0.64~0.94) | 0.053 | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | Ref | 0.93 (0.76~1.15) | 0.86 (0.68~1.08) | 0.73 (0.57~0.94) | 0.095 | |
| Cardiovascular mortality | ||||||
| Age | 0.237 | |||||
| <60 y | Ref | 1.47 (0.84~2.56) | 1.27 (0.66~2.45) | 0.76 (0.34~1.71) | 0.294 | |
| ≥60 y | Ref | 0.86 (0.65~1.13) | 0.72 (0.52~0.98) | 0.63 (0.45~0.88) | 0.034 | |
| Current smoker | 0.375 | |||||
| Yes | Ref | 1.23 (0.66~2.30) | 1.34 (0.69~2.61) | 0.98 (0.47~2.08) | 0.755 | |
| No | Ref | 0.89 (0.68~1.16) | 0.70 (0.51~0.97) | 0.59 (0.42~0.83) | 0.012 | |
| Current drinker | 0.930 | |||||
| Yes | Ref | 0.77 (0.48~1.22) | 0.80 (0.48~1.36) | 0.65 (0.37~1.16) | 0.482 | |
| No | Ref | 0.99 (0.74~1.33) | 0.77 (0.55~1.08) | 0.63 (0.44~0.91) | 0.040 | |
| BMI | 0.190 | |||||
| <30 kg/m2 | Ref | 0.86 (0.63~1.17) | 0.85 (0.59~1.21) | 0.65 (0.44~0.96) | 0.195 | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | Ref | 1.04 (0.70~1.56) | 0.73 (0.45~1.17) | 0.66 (0.39~1.10) | 0.181 | |
| Cancer mortality | ||||||
| Age | 0.394 | |||||
| <60 y | Ref | 1.28 (0.65~2.51) | 2.26 (1.11~4.60) | 1.12 (0.47~2.66) | 0.116 | |
| ≥60 y | Ref | 0.60 (0.43~0.83) | 0.73 (0.51~1.03) | 0.58 (0.40~0.85) | 0.005 | |
| Current smoker | 0.522 | |||||
| Yes | Ref | 0.68 (0.36~1.30) | 1.21 (0.65~2.25) | 1.05 (0.53~2.09) | 0.439 | |
| No | Ref | 0.67 (0.48~0.93) | 0.79 (0.55~1.12) | 0.54 (0.36~0.82) | 0.014 | |
| Current drinker | 0.423 | |||||
| Yes | Ref | 0.60 (0.35~1.04) | 0.82 (0.45~1.50) | 0.68 (0.35~1.34) | 0.307 | |
| No | Ref | 0.74 (0.52~1.06) | 0.94 (0.65~1.35) | 0.66 (0.44~0.99) | 0.132 | |
| BMI | 0.883 | |||||
| <30 kg/m2 | Ref | 0.72 (0.51~1.04) | 0.78 (0.52~1.17) | 0.61 (0.39~0.95) | 0.114 | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | Ref | 0.62 (0.37~1.05) | 1.04 (0.63~1.72) | 0.67 (0.38~1.18) | 0.117 | |
| Female | ||||||
| All-cause mortality | ||||||
| Age | 0.303 | |||||
| <60 y | Ref | 0.93 (0.70~1.24) | 0.78 (0.54~1.13) | 1.14 (0.75~1.74) | 0.434 | |
| ≥60 y | Ref | 0.89 (0.78~1.02) | 0.85 (0.73~1.00) | 0.73 (0.59~0.89) | 0.012 | |
| Current smoker | 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | Ref | 0.85 (0.62~1.15) | 0.53 (0.33~0.85) | 0.55 (0.32~0.94) | 0.019 | |
| No | Ref | 0.91 (0.80~1.05) | 0.91 (0.79~1.06) | 0.85 (0.70~1.03) | 0.286 | |
| Current drinker | 0.006 | |||||
| Yes | Ref | 0.79 (0.63~1.00) | 0.65 (0.49~0.85) | 0.66 (0.47~0.92) | 0.006 | |
| No | Ref | 0.94 (0.81~1.08) | 0.97 (0.82~1.14) | 0.86 (0.69~1.08) | 0.569 | |
| BMI | 0.454 | |||||
| <30 kg/m2 | Ref | 0.81 (0.69~0.95) | 0.83 (0.68~1.00) | 0.82 (0.65~1.04) | 0.041 | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | Ref | 1.03 (0.86~1.24) | 0.93 (0.75~1.16) | 0.77 (0.58~1.03) | 0.261 | |
| Cardiovascular mortality | ||||||
| Age | 0.215 | |||||
| <60 y | Ref | 1.07 (0.54~2.13) | 0.62 (0.23~1.67) | 1.19 (0.42~3.34) | 0.737 | |
| ≥60 y | Ref | 0.90 (0.68~1.20) | 0.79 (0.57~1.11) | 0.45 (0.27~0.76) | 0.025 | |
| Current smoker | 0.453 | |||||
| Yes | Ref | 0.68 (0.31~1.49) | 0.80 (0.30~2.13) | 0.38 (0.08~1.68) | 0.544 | |
| No | Ref | 0.98 (0.74~1.29) | 0.80 (0.57~1.12) | 0.57 (0.35~0.92) | 0.095 | |
| Current drinker | 0.163 | |||||
| Yes | Ref | 1.18 (0.71~1.96) | 0.85 (0.46~1.58) | 0.37 (0.13~1.06) | 0.171 | |
| No | Ref | 0.83 (0.61~1.13) | 0.77 (0.53~1.12) | 0.62 (0.37~1.05) | 0.210 | |
| BMI | 0.218 | |||||
| <30 kg/m2 | Ref | 0.85 (0.60~1.22) | 0.85 (0.56~1.28) | 0.62 (0.35~1.10) | 0.395 | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | Ref | 1.04 (0.70~1.53) | 0.75 (0.45~1.24) | 0.46 (0.21~1.02) | 0.168 | |
| Cancer mortality | ||||||
| Age | 0.497 | |||||
| <60 y | Ref | 0.56 (0.30~1.05) | 0.60 (0.29~1.25) | 0.63 (0.26~1.53) | 0.207 | |
| ≥60 y | Ref | 0.98 (0.68~1.42) | 1.17 (0.79~1.73) | 0.85 (0.51~1.41) | 0.673 | |
| Current smoker | 0.011 | |||||
| Yes | Ref | 0.67 (0.37~1.24) | 0.44 (0.17~1.16) | 0.44 (0.15~1.28) | 0.176 | |
| No | Ref | 0.91 (0.63~1.30) | 1.20 (0.82~1.74) | 0.92 (0.57~1.50) | 0.560 | |
| Current drinker | 0.022 | |||||
| Yes | Ref | 0.67 (0.41~1.10) | 0.39 (0.20~0.76) | 0.61 (0.31~1.17) | 0.034 | |
| No | Ref | 0.93 (0.62~1.39) | 1.59 (1.07~2.36) | 0.95 (0.52~1.70) | 0.061 | |
| BMI | 0.131 | |||||
| <30 kg/m2 | Ref | 0.69 (0.44~1.09) | 1.19 (0.74~1.90) | 1.02 (0.58~1.81) | 0.226 | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | Ref | 0.99 (0.64~1.52) | 0.89 (0.55~1.47) | 0.59 (0.29~1.18) | 0.492 | |
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, BMI, leisure-time physical activity, family income-poverty ratio, smoking (not for smoke stratified analysis), drinking (not for drinking stratified analysis), hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.