Table 4.
GRADE profile of berberine supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults.
| Outcomes | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | WMD (95%CI) | Quality of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TG | High serious limitation | Very serious limitation a | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | −23.70 (−30.16, −17.25) | ⊕⊕○○ Low |
| TC | High serious limitation | Very serious limitation a | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | −20.64 (−23.65, −17.63) | ⊕⊕○○ Low |
| LDL | High serious limitation | Very serious limitation a | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | −9.63 (−13.87, −5.39) | ⊕⊕○○ Low |
| HDL | High serious limitation | Very serious limitation a | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | 1.37 (0.41, 2.33) | ⊕⊕○○ Low |
| FBG | High serious limitation | Very serious limitation a | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | −7.74 (−10.79, −4.70) | ⊕⊕○○ Low |
| Insulin | High serious limitation | Very serious limitation a | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | −3.27 (−4.46, −2.07) | ⊕⊕○○ Low |
| HbA1c | High serious limitation | Very serious limitation a | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | −0.45 (−0.68, −0.23) | ⊕⊕○○ Low |
| HOMA-IR | High serious limitation | Very serious limitation a | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | −1.04 (−1.55, −0.52) | ⊕⊕○○ Low |
| SBP | High serious limitation | Very serious limitation a | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | −5.46 (−8.17, −2.76) | ⊕⊕○○ Low |
| DBP | High serious limitation | Very serious limitation a | No serious limitation | Serious limitation b | No serious limitation | −2.74 (−5.63, 0.15) | ⊕⊕○○ Very low |
| CRP | High serious limitation | Very serious limitation a | No serious limitation | Serious limitation b | No serious limitation | 0.05 (−0.59, 0.68) | ⊕⊕○○ Very low |
| IL-6 | High serious limitation | Very serious limitation a | No serious limitation | Serious limitation b | No serious limitation | −0.53 (−1.11, 0.05) | ⊕⊕○○ Very low |
| Weight | High serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | −0.84 (−1.34, −0.34) | ⊕○○○ Moderate |
| BMI | High serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | −0.25 (−0.46, −0.04) | ⊕○○○ Moderate |
| WC | High serious limitation | Very serious limitation a | No serious limitation | Serious limitation b | No serious limitation | −1.77 (−3.55, 0.01) | ⊕○○○ Very low |
| ALT | High serious limitation | Very serious limitation a | No serious limitation | Serious limitation b | No serious limitation | −4.22 (−8.75, 0.31) | ⊕⊕⊕○ Very low |
| AST | High serious limitation | Very serious limitation a | No serious limitation | Serious limitation b | No serious limitation | −2.94(−8.68, 2.81) | ⊕⊕⊕○ Very low |
a
There is significant heterogeneity for TG (I2 = 96.6%), TC (I2 = 85.4%), LDL (I2 = 96.1%), HDL (I2 = 92.7%), FBG (I2 = 97.0%), Insulin (I2 = 95.3%), HbA1C (I2 = 92.5%), HOMA-IR (I2 = 99.1%), SBP (I2 = 86.3%), DBP (I2 = 94.9%), CRP (I2 = 97.4%), IL-6 (I2 = 94.7%), WC (I2 = 92.9%), ALT (I2 = 92.3%), and AST (I2 = 95.8%).
b
There is no evidence of significant effects of berberine consumption on DBP, CRP, IL-6, WC, ALT, and AST.
⊕ shows +1 quality evidence that for every serious limitation, one of these quality evidences is lost.