Table 1. Demographic and Characteristics of NCP and NCS.
| Total | NCP | NCS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 56 (40–66) | 59 (4–67) | 53 (37–64) | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 948 | 397 | 551 | ||
| Male | 527 | 318 | 209 | ||
| Total | 1475 | 715 | 760 | ||
| Symptoms | |||||
| Gross hematuria | 66 | 18 | 48 | ||
| Microscopic hematuria | 545 | 143 | 402 | ||
| Proteinuria | 728 | 217 | 511 | ||
| Left flank pain | 68 | 5 | 63 | ||
| Bladder symptoms | 113 | 47 | 66 | ||
| Fluctuating GFR | 100 | 61 | 39 | ||
| Doppler US findings | |||||
| Type | |||||
| 1 | 384 | 141 | 243 | ||
| 2 | 746 | 377 | 369 | ||
| 3 | 345 | 197 | 148 | ||
| Sluggish LRV flow | 633 | 299 | 334 | ||
| Pelvic congestion | 565 | 252 | 313 | ||
Data are number of patients except for age, which is year. GFR = glomerular filtration rate, IQR = interquartile range, LRV = left renal vein, NCP = nutcracker phenomenon, NCS = nutcracker syndrome, US = ultrasound