Table 1.
Comparison of baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with and without core ischemia and paralysis.
| Variable | Total | Ischemia | P value | Motor function | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No-core ischemia and no ischemia | Core ischemia | No paralysis | Paralysis | ||||
| 75 | 64 | 11 | 66 | 9 | |||
| Age | 42.6 ± 12.1 | 41.9 ± 12.5 | 46.5 ± 8.7 | 0.147 | 41.8 ± 12.4 | 48.4 ± 7.8 | 0.11 |
| ≥55 | 13 | 12 (18.8) | 1 (9.1) | 0.434 | 12 (18.2) | 1 (11.1) | 0.599 |
| <55 | 62 | 52 (81.3) | 10 (90.9) | 54 (81.8) | 8 (88.9) | ||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 51 (68.0) | 44 (68.8) | 7 (63.2) | 0.737 | 46 (69.7) | 5 (55.6) | 0.46 |
| Female | 24 (32.0) | 20 (31.3) | 4 (36.4) | 20 (30.3) | 4 (44.4) | ||
| PA | |||||||
| 2 | 47 (62.7) | 41 (64.1) | 6 (54.5) | 0.547 | 42 (63.6) | 5 (54.5) | 0.72 |
| 3 or 4 | 28 (37.3) | 23 (35.9) | 5 (45.5) | 24 (36.4) | 4 (44.4) | ||
| 2 or 3 | 65 | 55 (85.9) | 10 (90.9) | 0.654 | 57 (86.4) | 8 (88.9) | 0.834 |
| 4 | 10 | 9 (14.1) | 1 (9.1) | 9 (13.6) | 1 (11.1) | ||
| R-L | |||||||
| L | 34 (45.3) | 29 (45.3) | 5 (45.5) | 0.993 | 30 (45.5) | 4 (44.4) | 1 |
| R | 41 (54.7) | 35 (54.7) | 6 (54.5) | 36 (54.5) | 5 (55.6) | ||
| Flat inner edge sign | |||||||
| Yes | 47 (62.7) | 45 (70.3) | 2 (18.2) | 0.001a | 46 (69.7) | 1 (11.1) | 0.001a |
| No | 28 (37.3) | 19 (29.7) | 9 (81.8) | 20 (30.3) | 8 (88.9) | ||
| Enhancement | |||||||
| Yes | 22 (29.3) | 16 (25.0) | 6 (54.5) | 0.047a | 17 (25.8) | 5 (55.6) | 0.113 |
| No | 53 (70.7) | 48 (75.0) | 5 (45.5) | 49 (74.2) | 4 (44.4) | ||
| Intact superior limiting sulcus | |||||||
| Yes | 45 (60.0) | 41 (64.1) | 4 (36.4) | 0.083 | 43 (65.2) | 2 (22.2) | 0.025a |
| No | 30 (40.0) | 23 (35.9) | 7 (63.6) | 23 (34.8) | 7 (77.8) | ||
| Encased of initial of LLSAs | |||||||
| Yes | 51 (68.0) | 45 (70.3) | 6 (54.5) | 0.3 | 46 (69.7) | 5 (55.6) | 0.455 |
| No | 24 (32.0) | 19 (29.7) | 5 (45.5) | 20 (30.3) | 4 (44.4) | ||
| Distance to the posterior limb (mm) | 4.40 ± 5.05 | 4.93 ± 4.68 | 1.96 ± 6.51 | 0.972 | 5.11 ± 5.09 | 0 ± 0 | 0.002a |
| Preop tumor vol (cm3) | 45.32 (25.99, 77.89) | 45.16 (24.56, 79.90) | 54.87 (25.99, 64.66) | 0.869 | 45.16 (24.02, 78.81) | 56.62 (28.37, 70.36) | 0.744 |
| Hypertension | |||||||
| Yes | 13 (17.3) | 10 (15.6) | 3 (27.3) | 0.346 | 10 (15.2) | 3 (33.3) | 0.183 |
| No | 62 (82.7) | 54 (84.4) | 8 (72.7) | 56 (84.8) | 6 (66.7) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | |||||||
| Yes | 6 (8.0) | 4 (6.3) | 2 (18.2) | 0.178 | 4 (6.1) | 2 (22.2) | 0.149 |
| No | 69 (92.0) | 60 (93.8) | 9 (81.8) | 62 (93.9) | 7 (77.8) | ||
| Smoking | |||||||
| Yes | 27 (36.0) | 23 (35.9) | 4 (36.4) | 0.978 | 23 (34.8) | 4 (44.4) | 0.714 |
| No | 48 (64.0) | 41 (64.1) | 7 (63.6) | 43 (65.2) | 5 (55.6) | ||
| Preop KPS | |||||||
| ≥90 | 70 (93.3) | 61 (95.3) | 9 (81.8) | 0.097 | 63 (95.5) | 7 (77.8) | 0.106 |
| <90 | 5 (6.7) | 3 (4.7) | 2 (18.2) | 3 (4.5) | 2 (22.2) | ||
| Preop mRS | |||||||
| <2 | 72 (96.0) | 61 (95.3) | 11 (10.0) | 0.464 | 63 (95.5) | 9 (100) | 0.2 |
| ≥2 | 3 (4.0) | 3 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| BMI in kg/m2 | 23.9 ± 3.0 | 24.1 ± 3.1 | 22.7 ± 2.4 | 0.24 | 24.2 ± 3.1 | 22.1 ± 2.0 | 0.137 |
| MEP | |||||||
| Normal | 64 (85.3) | 60 (93.8) | 4 (36.4) | <0.001a | 62 (93.9) | 2 (22.2) | <0.001a |
| Abnormal | 11 (14.7) | 4 (6.3) | 7 (63.6) | 4 (6.1) | 7 (77.8) | ||
| EOR | |||||||
| ≧90% | 56 (74.7) | 49 (76.6) | 7 (63.6) | 0.363 | 50 (75.8) | 6 (66.7) | 0.684 |
| <90% | 19 (25.3) | 15 (23.4) | 4 (36.4) | 16 (24.2) | 3 (33.3) | ||
| IDH | |||||||
| Yes | 60 (81.1) | 51 (81.0) | 9 (81.8) | 0.946 | 53 (81.5) | 7 (77.8) | 0.676 |
| No | 14 (18.9) | 12 (19.0) | 2 (18.2) | 12 (18.5) | 2 (22.2) | ||
| 1p/19q | |||||||
| Yes | 22 (31.9) | 19 (31.1) | 3 (37.5) | 0.717 | 19 (30.6) | 3 (42.9) | 0.672 |
| No | 47 (68.1) | 42 (68.9) | 5 (62.5) | 43 (69.4) | 4 (57.1) | ||
| MGMT | |||||||
| Yes | 49 (71.0) | 42 (68.9) | 7 (87.5) | 0.274 | 42 (67.7) | 7 (100.0) | 0.98 |
| No | 20 (29.0) | 19 (31.1) | 1 (12.5) | 20 (32.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
PA, pathology; LLSAs, lateral lenticulostriate arteries; KPS, Karnofsky performance status; mRS, modified Rankin scale; BMI, body mass index; MEP, motor evoked potentials; EOR, extent of resection; IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; MGMT, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase.
a
These values are significant at statistical analysis.