Table 5.

Association between treatment group and overall mortality.

Model	Surgery vs. RT and surgery (Adjuvant treatment group		Non-RT and non-surgery vs. RT (Palliative treatment group)
	HR (95% CI)	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Propensity score adjusted*	0.80 (0.73–0.87)	<0.001	0.81 (0.70–0.94)	0.007
Propensity score matched	0.74 (0.66–0.81)	<0.001	0.78 (0.64–0.95)	0.012
SMRW	0.74 (0.69–0.80)	<0.001	0.79 (0.69–0.92)	0.002
OW	0.79 (0.69–0.89)	<0.001	0.79 (0.64–0.97)	0.028
Multivariate adjusted after PSM*	0.71 (0.64–0.78)	<0.001	0.75 (0.61–0.92)	0.005

RT, radiotherapy; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; SMRW, standardized mortality ratio weighting; OW, overlap weighting; PSM, propensity score matching.

Cox proportional hazards model comparing the quartiles in different models to determine whether the overall HR is a true representation of the effects of adjuvant RT and palliative RT.

^*Adjusted age, sex, year of diagnosis, marital status, race, stage, grade, tumor size, and chemotherapy status after propensity score matching.