Table 2.
The available MCM2 inhibitors
| Drug | Classification | Targeting mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS4583 | Furanonaphthoquinone-based small molecule | Degrade MCM2 in a ubiquitination-dependent manner | Lin et al. (2020) |
| BI-2536 | Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) inhibitor | Downregulate the expression of MCM2 and MCM10 | Hsieh et al. (2021) |
| Ciprofloxacin | Fluoroquinolone antibiotic | Inhibit the activity of MCM2-7 | Hsu et al. (2021); Simon et al. (2013) |
| Ellagic acid | Natural polyphenolic compound | Downregulate the expression of MCM2-7 | Qiu et al. (2021) |
| Genistein | Nontoxic dietary isoflavone | Downregulate the expression of MCMs, CDT1, CDC7, and CDK2 | Majid et al. (2010) |
| Lovastatin | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutatyl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor | Downregulate the expression of MCM2 (by activating the JNK pathway) | Zhang et al. (2015) |
| Metformin | Biguanide | Downregulate the expression of MCM2 and PCNA | Kim et al. (2017) |
| Norcantharidin | Cantharidin derivative | Degrade MCM2 and CDC6 | Chen et al. (2013) |
| RJ-LC-07-48 | Analog of AS4583 | – | Lin et al. (2020) |
| TAK-931 | CDC7 inhibitor | Suppress the phosphorylation of MCM2 (by targeting CDC7) | Iwai et al. (2021, 2019) |
| Thiabendazole | Anti-microtubule drug | Downregulate the expression of MCM2 | Hu et al. (2022) |
| Trichostatin A | Histone deacetylase inhibitor | Downregulate the expression of MCMs (by activating the p-JNK) | Liu et al. (2013) |
| Widdrol | Aromatic compound | Downregulate the expression of MCMs | Kwon et al. (2010) |