Table 3.

Association between components of HEI-2015 and constipation

Variables	Model 1		Mode 2		Model 3
	OR (95%CI)	P	OR (95%CI)	P	OR (95%CI)	P
Total fruits	0.97 (0.94-1.00)	0.063	0.95 (0.92–0.98)	0.003	0.96 (0.93–0.99)	0.042
Whole fruits	0.96 (0.93–0.99)	0.012	0.94 (0.91–0.97)	< 0.001	0.96 (0.92–0.99)	0.022
Total vegetables	0.89 (0.86–0.93)	< 0.001	0.86 (0.83–0.90)	< 0.001	0.89 (0.85–0.93)	< 0.001
Greens and beans	0.95 (0.91–0.98)	0.006	0.93 (0.90–0.97)	< 0.001	0.96 (0.92–0.99)	0.028
Whole grains	0.96 (0.93–0.98)	0.002	0.95 (0.92–0.97)	< 0.001	0.96 (0.93–0.99)	0.005
Dairy	1.00 (0.97–1.02)	0.690	0.98 (0.96–0.99)	0.045	1.03 (0.99–1.06)	0.108
Total protein foods	0.85 (0.80–0.91)	< 0.001	0.89 (0.83–0.95)	< 0.001	0.90 (0.85–0.97)	0.003
Seafood and plant proteins	0.94 (0.91–0.96)	< 0.001	0.94 (0.91–0.96)	< 0.001	0.96 (0.93–0.99)	0.018
Fatty acids ratio	0.98 (0.96-1.00)	0.060	0.98 (0.96-1.00)	0.070	0.97 (0.95–0.99)	0.003
Refined grains	0.98 (0.96-1.00)	0.070	0.98 (0.96-1.00)	0.107	0.99 (0.96–1.01)	0.190
Sodium	1.03 (1.01–1.05)	0.004	1.03 (1.01–1.05)	0.001	1.02 (1.01–1.04)	0.017
Added sugars	0.92 (0.91–0.94)	< 0.001	0.92 (0.91–0.94)	< 0.001	0.98 (0.94–1.02)	0.247
Saturated fats	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	0.447	1.01 (0.98–1.03)	0.540	0.97 (0.92–1.02)	0.211

Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HEI, healthy eating index

Model 1, unadjusted model;

Model 2, adjusted for age and gender;

Model 3, adjusted for age, gender, race, education level, marital status, family income, BMI, drinking, smoking, vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, hypertension, depression, total energy intake, dietary supplements, and calcium supplement