Impact of glycine and serum on redox balance in V. alginolyticus. A.B.C. Quantification of reduced GSH (A), GSSG (B) and the ratio of GSH to GSSG(C) in control, glycine, serum and serum plus glycine group. D.E. GSH, total GSH and GSH/GSSG (E) were measured with 100 μL serum in the presence of 0–100 mM glycine. F–H. Quantification of NADP+(F), NADPH(G) and NADPH/NADP+ (H) in control, glycine, serum and serum plus glycine group. I. Quantification of gene expression. J.K. The specific activity of Gpx (J) and GR (K) in control, glycine, serum and serum plus glycine groups. L. Percent survival of V. alginolyticus 12G01 in the presence of indicated concentration of GSH or GSSG. Serum volume was 100 μL and the concentration of glycine was 100 mM unless otherwise indicated. Results are displayed as mean ± standard errors of the means (SEM) (N ≥ 3 technical replicates per sample), and statistically significant differences are identified. *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01. Each experiment was repeated independently at least three times.