Fig. 7.

GSSG accumulation, membrane integrity and complement deposition. A.B. Quantification of C3b(A) and C5b-9(B) on E. coli K12 incubated with thiourea (150 mM), α-tocopherol (100 μM) or Fe³⁺(40 μM) in the presence of 100 μL fish or mouse serum or in the presence of 100 μL fish or mouse serum with 100 mM glycine. C. Survival of the E. coli gene deletion mutants in the presence or absence of 100 μL serum plus 100 mM glycine. Heatmap scale (blue to red) represents the folds of killing. D. OxD kinetics of H₂O₂(20 mM), glycine (100 mM), serum (100 μL) and serum (100 μL) plus glycine (100 mM) of Grx1-roGFP2 expressed in E. coli were measured using the microplate reader. The degree of oxidation (OxD) was calculated using the 405/488 excitation ratio with emission at 510 nm. E. Percent survival of E. coli K12 incubated with 100 μL serum plus glycine in the presence of DTT (0–10 mM). F–H. Quantification of NADP⁺(F), NADPH(G) and NADPH/NADP⁺(H) of E. coli K12, K12:pACYC184-gor and K12:pCA42N-gor incubated with glycine (100 mM), serum (100 μL), or both. I.J. Percentage of PI uptake(I) or calcein leakage(J) in E. coli K12 and Δgpx in the presence of glycine (100 mM), serum (100 μL), or both for 1.5h quantified by flow cytometry. K.L. Quantification of C3b(K) and C5b-9(L) in E. coli K12 and Δgpx in the presence of glycine (100 mM), serum (100 μL), or both. Results are displayed as mean ± standard errors of the means (SEM) (N ≥ 3 technical replicates per sample), and statistically significant differences are identified. *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01. Each experiment was repeated independently at least three times. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)